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2020考研英語：提升句型的解析(二)
1.A question begging an answer centers on whether violence is more directly related to the innate characteristic of human being, or whether it is simply a manifestation of the ills of society. Determining the answer will be far from an easy proposition, but is nonetheless one that deserves careful and deliberate consideration.
需要回答的一個問題是：暴力與人類的天性聯(lián)系更直接還是僅僅是社會惡習的體現(xiàn)?做出回答遠非易事，而是值得仔細而審慎地考慮的事情。
2.From the standpoint of success, a good work ethic is no less important than an education. Success does, in fact, depend on the total integration of both aspects.
從成功的角度來說，良好的職業(yè)道德與教育同等重要。事實上，成功的確建立在兩方面完全融合的基礎上。
3.The growing trend for wives to work outside the home even when their husbands are present and employed is in part a sharing of the financial burden with the husband, and in part a reflection of the need these women feel to have a measurable sense of personal worth.
越來越多的妻子到外面工作，甚至和她們的丈夫再一起工作，一方面是為了和丈夫共同承擔經(jīng)濟重擔，一方面反映了女性感到需要有可衡量的個人價值。
4.Just as honor is a prerequisite for respectability, so is unblemished character a barometer of integrity.
正如聲譽是可敬的前提條件，無暇疵的品格是正直的晴雨表。
5.Beauty is in the eye of the beholder and the same is true for both the appreciation of art and music.
美在觀察者的眼中，美術(shù)和音樂的欣賞也是如此。
6.The direct correlation between self-esteem and success also applies to one''s ability to achieve.
自尊和成功的直接聯(lián)系也適用于一個人取得成就的能力。
7.Improving the plight of teachers is indeed a priority item. However, improving the overall education system is likewise no less important.
改善教師的困難處境的確是優(yōu)先處理的一件事情。但是，改進整個教育系統(tǒng)同等重要。
8.China and United States share many things in common. Firstly, both are major world powers. Secondly, the two nations offer mutually beneficial factors for development-China with its vast potential market and labor force, and the U.S. with its advanced technology and management expertise.
中國和美國有許多共同之處。首先，兩個都是世界主要強國。第二，兩個國家相互提供發(fā)展的有利因素––中國擁有巨大的潛在市場和勞動力，美國擁有先進的技術(shù)和專業(yè)的管理知識。
9.The shaky truce in the Middle East bears little resemblance to the realization of ultimate peace.
中東不可靠的休戰(zhàn)與最終實現(xiàn)和平的相似性很小。
10.Idleness spawns discontent, whereas overwork leads to mental and physical exhaustion.
懶惰滋生不滿，而過度工作導致精神和身體的疲勞。
11.Effluent discharges of industrial wastewater and raw sewage into rivers, lakes and inshore coastal areas have not only adversely affected marine life and aquatic resources, but have also jeopardized one of the major necessities for sustaining life-Potable Water.
工業(yè)廢水和原污水排放入河流、湖泊和近海岸區(qū)域不僅給海洋生物和水生資源帶來了負面影響，而且也破壞了維持生命的主要必需品之一––飲用水。
12.It will have a direct bearing on the matter under discussion.
這將和正在討論的問題有直接關系。
13.Rapid economic growth may lead to an overextension of resources and lead to an eventual catastrophic meltdown.
經(jīng)濟迅速增長可能導致過度使用資源，并引起最終巨大的災難。
14.The immediate results of economic growth have created the illusion of unending prosperity. The best approach at this particular time is to perhaps err on the side of caution.
經(jīng)濟增長的直接結(jié)果是造成了關于無止境繁榮的幻想?，F(xiàn)在這個特定時刻好的辦法也許是慎之又慎。
15.The benefits of technology are undeniable. Nonetheless, the fact that technology often negates the need for human beings in the workplace deserves careful consideration and retraining programs for affected individuals must be introduced.
技術(shù)的好處不容否認。然而，技術(shù)經(jīng)常否認工作場所需要人類，這一點值得仔細考慮，而且，為受到影響的個人推出再培訓項目是必需的。
2020考研英語：提升句型的解析(一)
1. There are several reasons for the marked increase in China's crime rate–;the dramatic influx of itinerant workers in urban areas ; declining social values ; and widening disparities between the haves and have-nots .
中國的犯罪率顯著升高有很多原因–;–;城區(qū)大量流動工人的涌入;社會價值的貶低以及貧富之間日益擴大的差距。
2. Why are an increasing number of elderly Chinese parents living apart from their children? One reason is the increasing upward mobility of the younger generation. Another is expanding social opportunities for the elderly. Perhaps the main reason， however， centers on dramatic changes in traditional concepts.
為什么越來越多的中國老人不和他們的孩子住在一起?原因之一是年輕一代的上進心增強了。另一個原因是社會上老人的機會增加了。然而，主要的原因可能是傳統(tǒng)觀念發(fā)生了巨大變化。
3. What has sparked the increasing interest in exercise? For one thing， people have gained a greater awareness of the need for physical fitness. For another， the constantly improving standard of living enables Chinese people to patronize the increasing number of recreational venues. The main thing perhaps centers on the healthcare and psychological benefits exercise provides.
什么引發(fā)了人們對鍛煉越來越濃的興趣?一方面，人們更加清楚地意識到保持身體健康的必要性。另一方面，不斷提高的生活水平使中國人能夠支付增加的娛樂支出。最主要的可能在于鍛煉帶來的保健和心理上的好處。
4. The rapid emergence of homes for senior citizens represents a sharp divergence from the traditional Chinese practice of maintaining the nuclear family at all costs.
老人療養(yǎng)院的迅速出現(xiàn)體現(xiàn)了與中國傳統(tǒng)的不惜一切代價維持核心家庭的做法的顯著分歧。
5. Participating in interactive experiences beneficial to all is something that no one should miss . The valuable lessons learned therefore should not be arbitrarily dismissed ， but should instead be treasured .
參加對所有人都有益的互動式體驗是任何一個人都不應該錯過的。從中獲得的寶貴經(jīng)驗不應該任意拋棄，而應該倍加珍惜。
6.The plain truth is that people are most often self-centered.
明顯的事實是人經(jīng)常是以自我為中心的。
7.There's little wonder why young people often find it difficult to find an appropriate role model. No wonder they drink, smoke, fright, carouse and otherwise engage in inappropriate social behavior.
年輕人發(fā)現(xiàn)很難找到合適的榜樣并不奇怪。難怪他們喝酒、抽煙、打架、狂歡作樂或者做出不當?shù)纳鐣e動。
8.It should come as no surprise to learn that many abused children become abusers later in life.
發(fā)現(xiàn)很多受虐待的兒童后來虐待別人不應該感到奇怪。
9.There is probably a great deal of truth in the assertion that unecrupulous brokers are salivating at the thought of unsophisticated investors entering the securities market.
斷言不道德的經(jīng)紀人想到?jīng)]有經(jīng)驗的投資者進入股票市場就垂涎三尺可能有一定的道理。
10.There's little doubt that China has spawned a new generation of Little Emperors, but the truth is that the fault rests with parents who spare the rod to spoil the child and not with children themselves.
毫無疑問，中國產(chǎn)生了新一代“小皇帝”，但事實是責任在于“閑了棍子，慣了孩子”的家長，而不是孩子自己。
11.Large and small enterprises differ in that the former usually involves conglomerates and the latter private individuals.
大企業(yè)和小企業(yè)的區(qū)別在于前者通常涉及聯(lián)合大企業(yè)，后者涉及私營的個人。
12.Both automobiles and bicycles offer a convenient means of public conveyance, with one of the marked differences between the two centered on pollution caused by the former.
汽車和自行車都提供公共運輸?shù)谋憷绞?，兩者的顯著區(qū)別之一在于前者引起污染。
13.Alcohol and tobacco are both highly addictive substances. However, unlike tobacco, which is known to cause cancer, studies indicate that alcohol does offer some health benefits when consumed in moderation.酒和煙都是很容易上癮的東西。但是，研究顯示，與公認為引起癌癥的煙不同，酒如果適量飲用確實對健康有益。
14.One man's treasure is another man's junk.
一個人的寶貝對于另一個人來說是垃圾。
15.AIDS is no longer one of the Top 10 American killers, but the same cannot be said for many countries.
艾滋病不再是美國的十大殺手之一，但許多國家的情況并非如此。
2020考研英語：作文寫作詞匯解析
首先，從詞的層面來說，常見的問題包括：
(1)詞性使用錯誤。 比如“Some children study very diligent”,這句話中，diligent是形容詞，不能修飾動詞study，必須改為diligently 或者hard。
(2) 隨意編造詞匯。 在08年的作文中圖畫展示了兩個殘疾人互相攙扶，扔掉拐杖的畫面。有學生寫到“Both of the two men need lamesticks”,顯然，學生因為不記得“拐杖”的英語表達，自己生造了lamesticks 這個詞。實際上，可用來表達“拐杖”的意義的詞很多，比如 stick， walking stick, staff, crutch, cane. 等。實在不會，也可以用helping tools, exterior supports , walking aids, sticks that help them to walk等間接的表達方式，無論如何也不能編造單詞，更不能用漢語拼音Guai Zhang。
其次，從句子的層面上來說，常見的問題包括結(jié)構(gòu)錯誤和語意錯誤兩方面。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)錯誤有：
(1)謂語部分錯誤，比如系動詞缺失和非謂語動詞用作謂語部分。如 Our world will bright if everyone shows love to others， 在will和bright中間缺失 be。而像My plan of financial aid including 200 yuan in cash every month to the child 這樣的表達在學生的作文中屢見不鮮。
(2) 介詞與連詞、副詞使用錯誤。 介詞后面需要接的是名詞或名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)，連詞連接的是句子，兩個概念一定要搞清楚。在She is forced to leave school owing to her parents can’t afford tuition 中，owing to 后面是一個完整的句子，而owing to是個連詞，所以用在這里是錯用的，必須換成because，for等連詞。
(3) 句式糅雜。常常見到學生在作文中寫類似下面的句子，There is a young man is asking his barber to cut his hair in David Beckham’s style。
除了結(jié)構(gòu)上的問題外，漢語的思維習慣也會導致學生寫出很多看似正確，實則chinglish 的句子，諸如 I am impossible to fulfill the task, A single person’s ability can not solve these problems 之類的句子。前一句話中I 與impossible 主語與表語不搭配，后一句話中主語ability 與 謂語solve不搭配。所以，前者可以改為It is impossible for me to fulfill the task,.后者可以改為 A single person is unable to solve these problems。
第三，從段落層面上來說，主要是段落內(nèi)部句子與句子之間支持與銜接的問題。
首先，主題句與支撐句的匹配問題。If we let this trend continue, we will go into a big trouble. Firstly, a nationwide campaign should be launched to help students to develop a right attitude towards study. Secondly, the government should reform the traditional education system. 在上面這段話中，首句主題句著眼于問題將更加嚴重化，但支撐句并沒有圍繞問題如何變得嚴重化展開，而是重點談論采取的措施。因此，將首句改為 we should take effective measures to prevent problems from getting worse 會使得段內(nèi)內(nèi)容更就中心突出。
其次句子間內(nèi)容的銜接也是十分關鍵的。 比如下面這段話：As is vividly depicted in the picture, an American girl wears traditional Chinese costume and looks very happy. The American girl is very interested in Chinese girl is very interested in Chinese clothes. The picture reflects cultural exchange. 此段話補充些揭示主題的表達，改為As is vividly depicted in the picture, an American girl wears traditional Chinese costume and looks very happy. Her charming smile indicates that she, a girl deeply influenced by western culture, is very interested in Chinese girl is very interested in Chinese clothes---a symbol of Chinese culture. Amazingly, this picture reflects cultural exchange。
那么，這些問題我們改如何解決呢? 詞匯和句式的問題屬于語法的范疇，大家需要找一本最基本的語法書，好好鞏固一些語法知識。而漢式英語的問題則需要大家通過大量的背誦優(yōu)美的范文來實現(xiàn)。 至于段落的問題，則需要好好總結(jié)考研寫作固定的行文套路。