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2020考研英語:句型結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯
一、倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)
英語中的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)一般有否定詞位于句首的倒裝,only位于句首的倒裝,if虛擬條件句的省略倒裝,以及為了強(qiáng)調(diào)而進(jìn)行的倒裝等。倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)一般需要還原句子的正常語序來翻譯。
考研試題例句(2009年,47題):Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.
句子結(jié)構(gòu):本題是only放于句首的倒裝句,而且含有兩個倒裝句,還原為正常語序為The by-product of the institution was noted only gradually and this effect was still more gradually considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.
參考譯文:人們只是逐漸地才注意到機(jī)構(gòu)的這—副產(chǎn)品,而人們把這種作用視為機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)作的指導(dǎo)性因素的過程則更為緩慢。
二、比較結(jié)構(gòu)
比較結(jié)構(gòu)是考研英語的重點,也是考研英語翻譯的難點。此處將比較結(jié)構(gòu)??级陶Z分類總結(jié),便于考生記憶和掌握。
(1)平級比較
常見短語:as…as, not so much as
考研試題例句(2005年,46題):Never before has television served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.
句子結(jié)構(gòu):never表否定含義,本句話包含了not so much as的比較結(jié)構(gòu)。這個結(jié)構(gòu)有兩種形式,一種是A not so much… as B,這是兩個對象的比較,意思是"A不像B那么…";另一種結(jié)構(gòu)是not so much A as B,這是同一個對象的兩個方面的比較,表示否定A肯定B,意思是"不是A是B;與其說A不如說B"。本句是第一種結(jié)構(gòu),比較的是before和the recent events。
參考譯文:在此之前,就加強(qiáng)不同的民族和國家之間的聯(lián)系而言,電視還從來沒有像在最近的歐洲事件中起過如此大的作用。
(2)than的比較結(jié)構(gòu)
常見短語:形容詞比較級+than,more than,less than,no more than,no less than, not any more than,not any less than等。
★more than,less than結(jié)構(gòu)
more A than B的比較結(jié)構(gòu),是肯定A否定B;less A than B和not so much A as B表示同一個含義,否定A肯定B,譯為"不是A是B;與其說A不如B"。
★not any more than,no more than,not any less than,no less than結(jié)構(gòu)
這四個比較結(jié)構(gòu)中not和no的否定含義不同,not否定的是具體、部分,而no否定的是抽象、全部。
no more...than... (=not any more...than...)結(jié)構(gòu)中no否定的是全部,指兩個比較對象"都不…";同理,no less...than... (=not less ...than...)的比較結(jié)構(gòu)指兩個比較對象"都…"。
考研試題例句(2006年,49題):But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.
句子結(jié)構(gòu):本句包含比較結(jié)構(gòu)not any more than,相當(dāng)于no more than,表示兩者都否定,譯為"都不"。比較的對象是to think about the moral code和to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business。
參考譯文:他的主要任務(wù)不是去思考道德準(zhǔn)則,正如人們不應(yīng)該期待商人去致力于探索商業(yè)行為規(guī)范一樣。