瑞士的巴塞爾大學(xué)始創(chuàng)于1460年，是瑞士最古老的大學(xué)，其生化系居于世界領(lǐng)先地位，那么跟著出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)一起來了解下瑞士巴塞爾大學(xué)基本概況吧，歡迎閱讀。
一、關(guān)于巴塞爾大學(xué)
The University of Basel has an international reputation of outstanding achievements in research and teaching. Founded in 1460, the University of Basel is the oldest university in Switzerland and has a history of success going back over 550 years.As a comprehensive university offering a wide range of high-quality educational opportunities, the University of Basel attracts students from Switzerland and the entire world, offering them outstanding studying conditions as they work towards their bachelor’s, master’s or PhD degrees. Today, the University of Basel has around 13,000 students from over a hundred nations, including 2,700 PhD students.The University of Basel has seven faculties covering a wide spectrum of academic disciplines. At the same time, the university has positioned itself amidst the international competition in the form of five strategic focal areas: Life Sciences, Visual Studies, Nanosciences, Sustainability and Energy Research and European and Global Studies. In international rankings, the University of Basel is regularly placed among the 100 top universities in the world thanks to its research achievements.The University of Basel has deep roots in the economically powerful and culturally rich Basel region. The university also works closely with domestic and international partners to make relevant contributions to the advancement of the sciences and society. This also means that the University of Basel pays particular attention to aspects of sustainability, equal opportunity and knowledge transfer.
巴塞爾大學(xué)在研究和教學(xué)方面具有杰出的國際聲譽(yù)。巴塞爾大學(xué)成立于1460年，是瑞士最古老的大學(xué)，擁有550多年的成功歷史。作為一所綜合性大學(xué)，巴塞爾大學(xué)提供廣泛的高質(zhì)量的教育機(jī)會吸引了來自瑞士和全世界的學(xué)生，為他們的學(xué)士，碩士或博士學(xué)位提供了卓越的學(xué)習(xí)條件?，F(xiàn)如今，巴塞爾大學(xué)擁有來自一百多個國家的約13,000名學(xué)生，其中博士生2700人。巴塞爾大學(xué)擁有七個學(xué)院涵蓋廣泛的學(xué)科。同時，大學(xué)在國際競爭中以生命科學(xué)、視覺研究、納米科學(xué)、可持續(xù)發(fā)展與能源研究以及歐洲與全球研究五大戰(zhàn)略重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域的形式。在國際排名中由于其研究成果，巴塞爾大學(xué)經(jīng)常被列入世界100所頂尖大學(xué)之列。巴塞爾大學(xué)深深扎根于經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)大和文化上富有的巴塞爾地區(qū)。大學(xué)還與國內(nèi)外合作伙伴密切合作為科學(xué)和社會的進(jìn)步做出相關(guān)貢獻(xiàn)。這也意味著巴塞爾大學(xué)特別注意可持續(xù)性，平等機(jī)會和知識轉(zhuǎn)移的方面。
二、歷史沿革
As the oldest university in Switzerland, the University of Basel has a fascinating history of teaching and research going back over 550 years.The university opened with a mass held at Basel Minster on 4 April 1460. It has undergone dynamic development ever since its inception. During the first year following its founding, the University Register in Basel listed 226 students and lecturers. Today, the seven faculties at the University of Basel have around 13,000 students and over 350 professors.
作為瑞士最古老的大學(xué)，巴塞爾大學(xué)在過去的550年里有著令人著迷的教學(xué)和研究歷史。這所大學(xué)于1460年4月4日在巴塞爾舉行了一場彌撒。它從一開始就經(jīng)歷了動態(tài)的發(fā)展。在成立之初的第一年在巴塞爾的大學(xué)注冊登記了226名學(xué)生和講師。如今，巴塞爾大學(xué)的七個學(xué)院擁有大約13,000名學(xué)生和350多名教授。
Four faculties become seven：From the very beginning, the basic organizational structure was comprised of four faculties: Theology, Law, Medicine along with the Faculty of Arts (septem artes liberales), which later became the Faculty of Philosophy. The Faculty of Arts sought to provide a solid basis of knowledge and prepare students for studies in theology, law and medicine.While the division into four faculties barely changed during the first few centuries, the 19th century saw greater differentiation, which led to the founding of the Faculty of Science in 1937. The Faculty of Humanities continued to include a broad spectrum of arts-, culture- and social science-related disciplines until the economic sciences formed a separate faculty in 1997. In 2003, Psychology became its own faculty.
四個學(xué)院變?yōu)槠邆€學(xué)院：從一開始基本的組織結(jié)構(gòu)由四個學(xué)院組成;神學(xué)學(xué)院、法律學(xué)院、醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)院和藝術(shù)學(xué)院(修女院)后來成為了哲學(xué)的教授。藝術(shù)學(xué)院尋求提供堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)知識，并為學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備神學(xué)、法律和醫(yī)學(xué)的研究。盡管在最初的幾個世紀(jì)里，這一學(xué)科的劃分幾乎沒有改變，但19世紀(jì)的分化更加嚴(yán)重，這導(dǎo)致了1937年科學(xué)學(xué)院的成立。人文學(xué)科繼續(xù)包括廣泛的藝術(shù)、文化和社會科學(xué)相關(guān)學(xué)科，直到1997年經(jīng)濟(jì)科學(xué)學(xué)院成立了一個獨(dú)立的院系。在2003年，心理學(xué)成立了一個獨(dú)立的院系。
Periods of prosperity and of stagnation:During its 550 years, the University of Basel has always experienced periods of upswing and of serious crises. The successful founding phase was followed by the first conflicts involving costs and the university model with which Basel was to align itself. There were also problems when Basel joined the Swiss Confederation in 1501, which was accompanied by a drop in enrolment.The Reformation years were a true test for an institution so strongly shaped by religion. The cleft between teaching staff who supported and who were opposed to the Reformation continued to grow wider. The conflicts continued to escalate until only a single student was still enrolled in the university in 1528. Nevertheless, activity at the university never ceased altogether. In 1531, for example, the first public anatomical dissection was conducted by the Faculty of Medicine, marking the start of a long history of successful achievements in the field of anatomy in Basel. As a result, the university gained a position of international prominence, particularly due to its relative denominational liberalness at the time.
繁榮和停滯的時期：在550年的時間里，巴塞爾大學(xué)一直經(jīng)歷著經(jīng)濟(jì)的上升期和嚴(yán)重的危機(jī)。成功的創(chuàng)始階段之后，隨之而來的是第一次涉及成本的沖突，以及巴塞爾協(xié)議本身的大學(xué)模式。當(dāng)巴塞爾在1501年加入瑞士聯(lián)邦時也存在一些問題，伴隨著入學(xué)人數(shù)的下降。宗教改革的年代對一個深受宗教影響的機(jī)構(gòu)來說是一次真正的考驗(yàn)。支持和反對宗教改革的教職員工之間的裂縫繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大。沖突繼續(xù)升級，直到1528年只有一名學(xué)生仍在這所大學(xué)就讀。然而，大學(xué)的活動從未停止過。例如，1531年，第一次公開解剖解剖是由醫(yī)學(xué)院進(jìn)行的，標(biāo)志著在巴塞爾解剖學(xué)領(lǐng)域取得了長期的成功。其結(jié)果是，這所大學(xué)獲得了國際地位的地位，特別是由于當(dāng)時它的相對教派的自由主義。
A place of cultural reflection:Since the years of its founding, the university has also been characterized as a place of cultural reflection. Much of this owes itself to book printing as well as the university collections that have grown in size since the 15th century, creating the foundation for the city’s internationally renowned museums. Numerous scholars such as Erasmus of Rotterdam, who spent time in Basel, shaped the university and helped establish the city’s reputation as a center of humanism. This is documented by valuable historic artifacts in the University Library, which is presently one of the largest libraries in Switzerland.
文化反思的地方：自建國以來，這所大學(xué)一直被認(rèn)為是一個文化反思的地方。這很大程度上歸功于圖書印刷以及自15世紀(jì)以來規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大的大學(xué)收藏，為這座城市的國際知名博物館奠定了基礎(chǔ)。許多學(xué)者，如鹿特丹的Erasmus，在巴塞爾度大學(xué)過了一段時間，塑造了這所大學(xué)并幫助建立了這座城市作為人文主義中心的聲譽(yù)。這是由大學(xué)圖書館中珍貴的歷史文物所記載的，它目前是瑞士最大的圖書館之一。
Debate surrounding dissolution of the university:During the 17th and 18th centuries, the tenuous relationship between the university and the government repeatedly gave rise to discussions. In the course of revolution and the Helvetic Republic, the university experienced another existential crisis which raised discussions of dissolving the university. In 1818, the crisis was initially averted through reorganization, which resulted in the university forfeiting its last remaining privileges and submission to state control.The 1833 split of the Canton of Basel and the resultant separation of assets between Basel-Stadt and Basel-Landschaft presented the university with an enormous challenge. Thanks to the extraordinary commitment on the part of the citizens of Basel, the crisis was resolved.
關(guān)于大學(xué)解散的辯論：在17和18世紀(jì)，大學(xué)與政府之間的脆弱關(guān)系不斷引發(fā)討論。在革命和Helvetic共和國的過程中，這所大學(xué)經(jīng)歷了另一場生存危機(jī)引發(fā)了關(guān)于解散大學(xué)的討論。1818年，危機(jī)最初通過重組得以避免導(dǎo)致大學(xué)喪失其最后的特權(quán)，并服從國家控制。1833年的巴塞爾協(xié)議，以及巴塞爾-施塔特與巴塞爾-蘭舍夫特的資產(chǎn)分離，給這所大學(xué)帶來了巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。由于巴塞爾協(xié)議的公民們做出了非凡的承諾危機(jī)得以解決。
A broad range of disciplines – a long tradition:From the start, academics at the university have always been characterized by a broad range of disciplines. The outstanding achievements in the most diverse of fields have shaped the reputation of the university over the centuries. The task is to preserve this in the face of global competition.The natural sciences, which have become increasingly important since the 19th century, play a considerable role in this respect. As early as the 17th century, the University of Basel pioneered this development along with the famous mathematicians and physicists from the Bernoulli family. Today, life sciences make up one particular research focus and are of great economic importance to the region.
Intense growth during the 20th century:The 20th century has been marked by growth, despite the political and societal challenges that faced the University of Basel through two world wars. The university accomplished something innovative by expanding academics beyond just students and researchers. A college of further education (Volkshochschule) was founded in 1919. Today, it is a an independent institution. In 1997, the University for Seniors was introduced, and the Children’s University was started in 2004.In contrast, the admittance of women to the University of Basel was a rather belated development. It was only in 1890 that women were allowed to study here. 1928 was the first year in which a woman was permitted to teach as an associate professor, and a woman was appointed a bona fide professorship for the first time in 1964. Today, women comprise about 54 percent of the student body.The last quarter of the 20th century has been shaped by discussions about retracting state control in order to give the university more autonomy. This has led to an institutional shift in which the university itself has played a major role. The higher education institution gained its independence from the state sponsors, thus changing its relationship to government and society. The State Treaty (Staatsvertrag) of 2007 expanded sponsorship by the two cantons of Basel-Stadt and Baselland, which have jointly supported the University ever since.At the same time, activities within the university became increasingly dynamic, which has manifested itself in the form of new fields and faculties, a restructuring of courses of studies to comply with the Bologna reform, as well as partnerships with other higher education institutions
20世紀(jì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長：盡管在兩次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，巴塞爾大學(xué)面臨著政治和社會挑戰(zhàn)，但20世紀(jì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長仍是增長的標(biāo)志。這所大學(xué)通過擴(kuò)大學(xué)生和研究人員的范圍來實(shí)現(xiàn)創(chuàng)新。一所高等教育學(xué)院于1919年成立。現(xiàn)如今，它是一個獨(dú)立的機(jī)構(gòu)。1997年為高年級學(xué)生開設(shè)了一所大學(xué)并于2004年開辦了兒童大學(xué)。相比之下，女性進(jìn)入巴塞爾大學(xué)是一個相當(dāng)遲來的發(fā)展。直到1890年，婦女才被允許在這里學(xué)習(xí)。1928年是第一個允許女性擔(dān)任副教授的年份，1964年，一位女性首次被任命為真正的教授。如今，女性占了學(xué)生總數(shù)的54%。20世紀(jì)最后一個季度的發(fā)展是為了給大學(xué)更多的自主權(quán)而進(jìn)行的關(guān)于撤銷國家控制的討論。這導(dǎo)致了一種制度上的轉(zhuǎn)變，大學(xué)本身也扮演了重要的角色。高等教育機(jī)構(gòu)從國家資助人那里獲得了獨(dú)立，從而改變了它與政府和社會的關(guān)系。2007年，國家條約(Staatsvertrag)擴(kuò)大了巴埃爾斯塔特和巴塞蘭的兩大運(yùn)河的贊助，這兩個州從那時起就聯(lián)合支持了這所大學(xué)。與此同時，大學(xué)內(nèi)部的活動也日益活躍，以新領(lǐng)域和教員的形式表現(xiàn)出來，對博洛尼亞改革進(jìn)行了重組并與其他高等教育機(jī)構(gòu)建立了合作關(guān)系。
>>>請繼續(xù)閱讀第2頁為巴塞爾大學(xué)教研優(yōu)勢、校園環(huán)境和杰出校友介紹。