加拿大的約克大學(xué)始建于1959年，經(jīng)過多年的發(fā)展，已經(jīng)成為了加拿大綜合規(guī)模第三大的大學(xué)，那么跟著出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)一起來了解下加拿大約克大學(xué)基本概況吧，歡迎閱讀。
一、關(guān)于約克大學(xué)
Founded on principles of excellence, equality and opportunity for all, the University of York opened in 1963 with just 230 students. Since then we have become one of the world's leading universities, carving out a reputation as an academic powerhouse where a clear focus on excellence has secured national and international recognition alongside longer established institutions.To be a world leader in research.To offer outstanding teaching and learning.To offer all our students an outstanding and valuable experienceTo be sufficiently large to be excellent, resilient and financially sustainable.To be organised in the most efficient and effective way.To work effectively with other organisations and stakeholders
約克大學(xué)的創(chuàng)立基于卓越、平等和機(jī)會的原則，于1963年開放，最初只有230名學(xué)生。從那時起，至今我們已經(jīng)成為世界領(lǐng)先的大學(xué)之一，并且作為一個學(xué)術(shù)強(qiáng)國而聞名，其中精益求精的重點已經(jīng)得到國家和國際認(rèn)可以及較長的成熟機(jī)構(gòu)的認(rèn)可。主要目標(biāo)：成為研究領(lǐng)域的世界領(lǐng)先者、提供優(yōu)秀的教學(xué)和學(xué)習(xí)、為我們所有的學(xué)生提供杰出和寶貴的經(jīng)驗、足夠大，能夠優(yōu)秀，有彈性和經(jīng)濟(jì)上可持續(xù)以最有效和最有效的方式組織與其他組織和利益相關(guān)者有效合作。
二、歷史沿革
Our History: The 1960s
Fresh, young, forward looking and enthusiastic, the University of York was known for its friendly atmosphere before it even opened its doors.The informal tone was endorsed by Lord James of Rusholme, the Vice-Chancellor, who rubbed shoulders with staff and students, taking his meals with everyone else in the Heslington Hall dining room.Planning and building the University happened with astonishing speed. In April 1960 the Government approved the establishment and in less than three years, on 9 October 1963, the first students walked through the gates of Heslington Hall.At the start of term, the number of academic and administrative staff numbered just 28. There were 216 undergraduates and 14 postgraduate students.Third year students could elect to live in the brand new Langwith or Derwent Colleges. Study bedrooms were furnished with plain, heavily textured fabric and hessian and light wood furniture echoing the earnest but modern atmosphere.Social lifeIn such a small population, there was much socialising between staff and students. Everyone was on first name terms, remarked Ruth Ellison, Assistant Lecturer in English, "I had no idea whether I was meeting colleagues, staff, wives or students." "The place was so small that rugby players mixed with aesthetes," said former student Neil McIntosh.In the first week of term, a welcome reception for staff and students was held by the Friends of York Art Gallery hosted by Sir Herbert Read with many of the city's great and the good present. Later in the month, a service to commemorate the inauguration of the University was held in York Minster.The King's Manor was an important social centre, and staff and students gathered in the dim caverns of the Cellar Club which, with its rough brick walls, low vaulted ceilings and coloured lights built into the floor. The blues singer T-bone Walker was among those who played there.
Early days:The community was youthful, keen and liberal-minded. Some of the young academics returned from the States, attracted by the alluring combination of old and new which York had. "The average age of the professors is only 40 and the accent is certainly on youth," commented the York and County Times.In its infancy, the University had a different flavour for each year of the first intake. During the first year all students lived in digs, bussing out to the University where Heslington Hall, the Stables and the New Building housed all the lectures, study and catering facilities.
Building the campus:In the second year, serious building work in Heslington began and English, Education, History and Philosophy were moved to the restored medieval building of the King's Manor in the City. Only the Social Sciences remained to watch the new University rise from the marshes. Students returned to Heslington in their third year to find a university 'adrift in a sea of mud'.Aspects of the architecture that we now take for granted, like the covered walkways, were innovations in the 1960s. Eyebrows were raised at the 'CLASP' buildings and the lake was criticised as being an extravagant feature - although it was actually a necessary part of the construction to allow buildings on such marshy land.On a cold, foggy northern day the crowds turned out to cheer the Queen and Prince Philip, formally greeted by the Chancellor Lord Harewood. Her Majesty was impressed by Heslington Hall but 'did not like the new colleges.'
In progress:Being a university city was a new experience for York. University Road was still under construction and the lane leading out of the village still meandered away into open countryside. Even Heslington Lane was then a rural road. To help bridge the gap between town and gown, Harry Ree, the first Professor of Educational Studies, persuaded local schools to take students as classroom assistants.In the nine years under Lord James' Vice-Chancellorship, the University was developed and built on schedule and by the end of the decade, five colleges, three laboratory-based buildings, Central Hall, the Library, the Sports Hall, Music Centre and the Jack Lyons Concert Hall had been completed.But behind the scenes Lord James was acutely anxious about money and the Government's 'stop start' attitude to funding. "The planning of the buildings let alone their erection on time, becomes almost impossible," he wrote, concerned that a preoccupation with finance would mean that we lose sight of the real aims of universities. Writing in November 1970 of the years to come, Lord James said "We shall be short of money, short of accommodation; short of staff."The 1960s ended with 2,500 undergraduate students, twelve times the original intake.
我們的歷史:1960年代
紐約大學(xué)以友好的氣氛而聞名，在它還沒開放之前，就以友好的氣氛而聞名。這一非正式的基調(diào)是由Rusholme的副校長詹姆斯Rusholme所倡導(dǎo)的，他與工作人員和學(xué)生們一起，他在赫斯靈頓大廳的餐廳里的其他人一起吃飯。學(xué)校的規(guī)劃和建設(shè)以驚人的速度進(jìn)行著。1960年4月，政府批準(zhǔn)成立，并在不到三年的時間里，在1963年10月9日，第一批學(xué)生進(jìn)入了赫斯林頓廳開始學(xué)習(xí)。學(xué)期伊始，學(xué)術(shù)和行政人員數(shù)量僅為28人。共有216名本科生和14名研究生。第三年，學(xué)生們可以選擇住在新朗格學(xué)院或德戈大學(xué)。書房的臥室里裝飾著樸素的、質(zhì)感豐富的織物，而黑森和輕木家具則呼應(yīng)了這一嚴(yán)肅而現(xiàn)代的氛圍。
社會生活：在這么少的人口中，在工作人員和學(xué)生之間有很多的社交活動。每個人都是按名字命名的，英語助理講師露絲埃里森說，我不知道我是在和同事、工作人員、妻子還是學(xué)生見面。這個地方太小了，橄欖球運動員和美學(xué)家混在一起，前學(xué)生尼爾麥可什說道。在學(xué)期的第一個星期，由赫伯特里德爵士主持的約克藝術(shù)畫廊的朋友們舉辦了歡迎招待會并邀請了許多紐約的優(yōu)秀和優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生參加。在這個月的晚些時候，一項紀(jì)念該大學(xué)就職典禮的儀式在約克大教堂舉行。國王的莊園是一個重要的社會中心，工作人員和學(xué)生聚集在地下室俱樂部的昏暗的洞穴里，那里有粗糙的磚墻，低矮的拱形天花板和地板上的彩燈。藍(lán)調(diào)歌手t-bone沃克是其中的一員。
早期：這個社區(qū)年輕、熱情、思想開明。一些年輕的學(xué)者從美國回來，被紐約的老舊和新誘惑所吸引。約克和郡時報評論道，教授的平均年齡只有40歲，當(dāng)然是年輕人的天下。在剛開始的時候，這所大學(xué)每年都有不同的口味。在第一年所有的學(xué)生都住在學(xué)校里，在赫斯靈頓禮堂、馬廄和新建筑里，所有的講座、學(xué)習(xí)和飲食設(shè)施都是在那里。
建設(shè)校園：第二年赫斯靈頓的嚴(yán)肅建筑工作開始了，英語、教育、歷史和哲學(xué)都被搬到了這座城市里重建的中世紀(jì)國王莊園。只有社會科學(xué)還在觀察新大學(xué)從沼澤中崛起的情況。學(xué)生們在第三年回到了赫斯靈頓，發(fā)現(xiàn)一所大學(xué)在一片泥海中隨波逐流。我們現(xiàn)在認(rèn)為的建筑的某些方面，比如覆蓋的人行道則是上世紀(jì)60年代的創(chuàng)新。在扣子的建筑物上，人們都把眉毛抬起來，湖水被批評為一種奢侈的特征，盡管它實際上是建筑在這片沼澤地帶建造的必要部分。在一個寒冷的霧蒙蒙的北方日子，人群聚集起來為女王和菲利普親王歡呼，這是總理哈伍德勛爵的正式問候。女王陛下給他留下了深刻的印象，但他并不喜歡這些新學(xué)院。
在進(jìn)行中：作為一所大學(xué)的城市，對約克來說是一種全新的體驗。大學(xué)道路仍在建設(shè)中，通向村莊的那條小路仍在向開放的鄉(xiāng)村蜿蜒而去。就連Heslington Lane也成為了一條鄉(xiāng)村道路。為了幫助彌合城鎮(zhèn)和長袍之間的差距，Harry Ree是第一個教育研究教授，他說服當(dāng)?shù)氐膶W(xué)校把學(xué)生作為課堂助理。在詹姆士爵士的副校長任期的九年里，這所大學(xué)是按照計劃發(fā)展和建造的，到十年結(jié)束時，最終建造了共五所學(xué)院、三所實驗室大樓、中央大廳、圖書館、體育館、音樂中心和杰克里昂音樂廳。但在幕后，詹姆斯勛爵對資金和政府對資金的停止啟動態(tài)度極度焦慮。他寫道：這些建筑的規(guī)劃，更不用說它們在時間上的勃起了，這幾乎是不可能的。他擔(dān)心，對金融的關(guān)注將意味著我們忽視了大學(xué)真正的目標(biāo)。詹姆斯勛爵在1970年11月寫道：我們將缺錢、缺少員工。上世紀(jì)60年代結(jié)束時，共有2500名本科生是最初招生人數(shù)的12倍。
Our History: The 1970s
The 1970s was the decade in which college social life began to blossom.Central Hall was the venue for the Who, The Kinks, Fairport Convention, John Martyn, Ian Dury and the Blockheads, Hot Chocolate, Humphrey Littleton, Acker Bilk, Paul Tortelier, Julian Bream, John Williams and others.Paul McCartney and Linda appeared one day out of the blue with their new band "Wings" and performed a concert in Goodricke College Dining Room.
我們的歷史:1970年代
上世紀(jì)70年代是大學(xué)社會生活開始開花的十年。中央大廳是世界衛(wèi)生組織、金克斯、費爾波特會議、John Martyn、John Martyn和John Martyn、John Martyn、John Martyn、John Martyn、John Martyn、約翰威廉姆斯等人的場所。保羅麥卡特尼和琳達(dá)帶著他們的新樂隊翅膀出現(xiàn)了一天，并在Goodricke學(xué)院餐廳表演了一場音樂會。
Our History: The 1980s
The beginning of the 1980s was not propitious for the University. It was to see the start of cuts across higher education and a fire in the Chemistry Department.Staff were exhorted to make economies including turning down their thermostats, recycling, and making telephone calls as short as possible.The close of the decade with the introduction of the mixed grant and loan scheme was to lend more importance to the 'marketing' of the University. One innovation was the introduction of Open Days – both for student recruitment and for the local community to see how the University worked.Despite the harsh economic times, a number of academic departments were introduced and others developed rapidly, reflecting societal and technological change. New buildings began to appear including Computer Science in the centre of campus, and a courtyard of buildings near Music, now home to Environment and Philosophy respectively.
Creative campus:The 1980s was the decade when some of the University's memorable sculptures were acquired.Many a "Yorkie" has fond memories of the Buddha, a gift from Elizabeth Cooper from the collection of her father, the late JB Morrell, which sits serenely now outside the Berrick Saul Building. The Dryad, by local sculptor Austin Wright, reclines alongside the yew tree topiary.In 1982, the Javanese Gamelan was purchased and has been enjoyed by music students and audiences ever since.
Campus Folklore:The Boomtown Rats played in Central Hall, making a contribution to University folklore when Bob Geldof told everyone who could not see to come to the front of the auditorium.Nearly 300 people surged to the front and danced on the orchestra pit cover, causing over ￡1,000-worth of damage.
History in the making:Staff from various quarters helped in setting up the now famous Jorvik Viking Museum with a dig beneath what is now the Coppergate shopping centre. As well as research contributions from the Environmental Archaeology Unit, sounds for the Museum were recorded in the new Electronic Music Studio.The University celebrated its silver Jubilee in 1988/89 with a programme of events including two concerts by Dame Janet Baker, a large reunion weekend, natural history walks, sports and a firework display.
我們的歷史：1980年代
20世紀(jì)80年代初對大學(xué)來說并不有利。這是在高等教育和化學(xué)系的一場火災(zāi)的開始。該公司的員工被告誡要做一些經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的工作，包括關(guān)閉恒溫器、回收利用以及盡可能縮短通話時間。近十年來，引入混合撥款和貸款計劃，使大學(xué)的市場營銷更加重要。其中一項創(chuàng)新是開放日的引入——既為學(xué)生招聘，也為當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)了解大學(xué)是如何運作的。盡管經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢嚴(yán)峻，但仍有許多學(xué)術(shù)部門被引進(jìn)，其他一些部門迅速發(fā)展，反映出社會和技術(shù)的變化。新的建筑開始出現(xiàn)，包括校園中心的計算機(jī)科學(xué)，以及音樂學(xué)院附近的一處建筑，現(xiàn)在它們分別是環(huán)境和哲學(xué)的所在地。
創(chuàng)造性的校園：20世紀(jì)80年代是大學(xué)里一些值得紀(jì)念的雕塑的年代。許多約克都有對佛的美好回憶，這是伊麗莎白庫珀從她父親的收藏中得到的一份禮物，已故的JB Morrell，現(xiàn)在正安詳?shù)刈谪惱锟怂鳡柦ㄖ耐饷妗．?dāng)?shù)氐牡袼芗見W斯汀賴特的干旱冰與紫杉樹的topiary一起。1982年，爪哇佳美蘭被音樂學(xué)生和觀眾所喜愛，從此被音樂學(xué)生和觀眾所喜愛。校園民間傳說在中央大廳里，新興的老鼠們在中央大廳里扮演了一個重要的作用，當(dāng)Bob Geldof告訴所有不能看到的人來到禮堂的前面時，他對大學(xué)的民間傳說做出了貢獻(xiàn)。近300人涌向前線，在樂隊的坑蓋上跳舞，造成了超過1000人的損失。
創(chuàng)造歷史：來自各個地方的工作人員幫助建立了現(xiàn)在著名的喬維克維京博物館，并在現(xiàn)在的銅門購物中心挖掘。除了來自環(huán)境考古部門的研究貢獻(xiàn)，博物館的聲音也被記錄在新的電子音樂工作室里。該校在1988/89年慶祝了它的銀禧年，其中包括由珍妮特貝克爵士舉辦的兩場音樂會，一個大型的團(tuán)聚周末，自然歷史漫步，體育和煙火表演。
Our History: The 1990s
In 1990, the Vice-Chancellor, Berrick Saul, recounted to court that York had been described by a senior member of the Universities Funding Council as "a well-run university with a relatively low profile."What a difference a decade makes.By the end of the 1990s, York was dominating national league tables for research and teaching and was receiving international press coverage for achievement across the disciplines.Rapid growth,The decade was characterised by advancement and recognition. York remained a popular choice amongst prospective students growing from 4,300 to 8,500 students without compromising its high entry standards. As the Sunday Times pointed out, "elitism does not appear to be the price of excellence at York". York was one of only very few universities whose entry from state schools and colleges (around 80 per cent) was the same as the proportion of A-level students in the state system.
The introduction of official quality assessments and the proliferation of newspaper league tables saw the University's stock rocket. After years of academic advancement, York began to get the recognition it deserved. National recognition attracted additional funding and investment. Research grants rose to over ￡20 million per annum, and the University enjoyed one of the highest incomes per researcher in the higher education sectorA competitive market,A relationship with industry was more actively courted, and the University began to develop a more entrepreneurial side to its character. The Science Park opened in 1991 with Smith & Nephew as its first tenant. Developed to enhance links between the University and commerce, it now houses a cluster of knowledge-led businesses and is known as a key national incubator of biotech and IT start-ups.Students' approach to education paralleled the University's move closer to industry. Faced with the introduction of tuition fees and loans, students increasingly began to see their education as an investment.A York education was still attractive for its rigour and opportunity for personal development, but students were concerned with their "employability" after graduation. The graduate job market became very competitive. The University responded with new flexible courses and the "York Award", focusing on transferable skills.
我們的歷史:1990年代
1990年，副校長Berrick Saul向法庭表示，約克大學(xué)的一名高級成員被描述為一所運營良好的大學(xué)，并且很低調(diào)。10年的差別是什么。到20世紀(jì)90年代末，約克大學(xué)在全國的研究和教學(xué)排行榜上占據(jù)了主導(dǎo)地位，并獲得了國際新聞媒體對各個學(xué)科的成就的報道?？焖僭鲩L，這十年的特點是進(jìn)步和認(rèn)可。在未來的學(xué)生中，約克仍然是一個很受歡迎的選擇，從4,300名學(xué)生到8500名學(xué)生，而不影響他們的高入學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。正如星期日泰晤士報所指出的那樣，精英主義似乎并不是紐約卓越的代價。約克是為數(shù)不多的幾所大學(xué)之一，從公立學(xué)校和大學(xué)(大約80%)的學(xué)生進(jìn)入州立大學(xué)的比例與公立學(xué)校的優(yōu)級學(xué)生的比例相同。官方的質(zhì)量評估報告和報紙排名的增加，都見證了大學(xué)的股票火箭。經(jīng)過多年的學(xué)術(shù)進(jìn)步，約克開始得到它應(yīng)得的認(rèn)可。國家認(rèn)可吸引了更多的資金和投資。研究經(jīng)費每年增長超過2000萬美元，而這所大學(xué)是高等教育領(lǐng)域的人均收入最高的大學(xué)之一。一個競爭激烈的市場，與工業(yè)界的關(guān)系更積極地追求，大學(xué)也開始發(fā)展更具企業(yè)家精神的一面。科學(xué)園于1991年正式開放，史密斯和侄子是第一個租戶。為了加強(qiáng)大學(xué)與商業(yè)之間的聯(lián)系，它現(xiàn)在有了一群知識主導(dǎo)的企業(yè)，被稱為是生物技術(shù)和初創(chuàng)企業(yè)的關(guān)鍵國家孵化器。學(xué)生的教育方式與大學(xué)的走向更接近工業(yè)。面對學(xué)費和貸款的引入，學(xué)生們越來越多地開始把他們的教育視為一種投資。紐約的教育對其個人發(fā)展的嚴(yán)格性和機(jī)遇仍然很有吸引力，但學(xué)生們對畢業(yè)后的就業(yè)能力感到擔(dān)憂。畢業(yè)生就業(yè)市場變得非常有競爭力。該大學(xué)以靈活的課程和約克獎作為回應(yīng)，重點是可轉(zhuǎn)移的技能。
Our History: The 2000s
The new Millennium saw a sea-change in the way that Britain viewed higher education.Unprecedented student numbers in universities and strong investment, was coupled with increasing regulation, compliance issues and requirements to demonstrate societal and economic impact.Student debt, quality assurance, Freedom of Information and public scrutiny changed the way in which both academic departments and central support for the University’s mission operated.Upgrades,Technology also moved fast, with "YorkWeb" becoming a major marketing tool, the introduction of a Virtual Learning Environment, and new ways of communicating with students and stakeholders through SMS, Facebook and on-campus electronic screens. We installed wi-fi across campus, video-conferencing and a range of online services.Campus became more sophisticated, with en-suite accommodation, significantly upgraded catering, shops and better-equipped offices, teaching facilities and laboratories.In response to government prompting on interacting with the community, hundreds of students volunteered for York Students in Schools and Millennium Volunteers. The University became heavily involved in significant partnerships for a variety of projects - Science City York with the Council; Higher York with York's colleges; the Hull York Medical School with the University of Hull. The science park thrived.The two major policy initiatives for York in this time were the concerted effort to "internationalise" the University and its work, and the establishment of the extended campus at what became known as Heslington East.Internationally, we were founder members of the Worldwide Universities Network, a group of 19 research universities spread across the globe, which has tackled a range of ‘global challenges’ with its huge network of expertise. Strong relationships were developed with universities in China and the US, and we established The University of York in America. Our recruitment of international students rose rapidly, and York students began to participate in Study Abroad schemes.Heslington EastThe planning for Heslington East began in earnest in 2002 with the arrival of Brian Cantor as Vice-Chancellor. It took years of master-planning, liaison with interest groups, negotiations with land-owners and local communities, an 8-hour city planning meeting and a Public Inquiry to achieve the purchase of land and complex planning permissions for a site equal to the size of the original Heslington West campus. In 2009, the new Goodricke College opened as the first building on Heslington East.At the time of the 40th anniversary in 2003, we wrote about Heslington East: "it will be everything that the designers of the original campus hoped for - integrated, landscaped and traffic-free, with a large expanse of water, and a very eager populace."
我們的歷史:2000年代
新千年見證了英國對高等教育的看法發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化。史無前例的大學(xué)學(xué)生數(shù)量和強(qiáng)勁的投資加上越來越多的監(jiān)管、合規(guī)問題和要求，以證明社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響。學(xué)生債務(wù)、質(zhì)量保證、信息自由和公眾監(jiān)督，改變了學(xué)校的學(xué)術(shù)部門和中央對大學(xué)使命的支持方式。科技也迅速發(fā)展，約克網(wǎng)絡(luò)成為主要的營銷工具，虛擬學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境的引入以及通過短信、Facebook和校園電子屏幕向?qū)W生和利益相關(guān)者傳達(dá)信息的新方式。我們在校園、視頻會議和一系列在線服務(wù)上安裝了無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)。校園變得更加復(fù)雜，配備了配套的住宿設(shè)施，顯著提升了餐飲、商店和裝備更好的辦公室、教學(xué)設(shè)施和實驗室。一個本地和全球的社區(qū)，紐約的學(xué)生在學(xué)校，為了響應(yīng)政府與社區(qū)的互動，數(shù)百名學(xué)生自愿在學(xué)校和千禧志愿者中為約克學(xué)生提供志愿服務(wù)。這所大學(xué)在許多項目上都投入了大量的合作，科學(xué)城市約克和理事會、紐約和約克大學(xué)、赫爾大學(xué)與赫爾大學(xué)的醫(yī)學(xué)院，科學(xué)公園蓬勃發(fā)展。當(dāng)時，紐約的兩項主要政策舉措是共同努力使大學(xué)及其工作國際化，并在后來被稱為赫斯頓東的地區(qū)建立了擴(kuò)展的校園。在國際上，我們是全球大學(xué)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的創(chuàng)始人，這是一群遍布全球的19所研究型大學(xué)，通過其龐大的專業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，解決了一系列全球性挑戰(zhàn)。與中國和美國的大學(xué)建立了牢固的關(guān)系，我們在美國建立了約克大學(xué)。我們招收國際學(xué)生的人數(shù)迅速增加，約克大學(xué)的學(xué)生也開始參與到海外留學(xué)計劃中來。2002年，隨著布萊恩坎托擔(dān)任副總理，他在東赫靈頓的計劃正式開始。它花費了數(shù)年的總體規(guī)劃、與利益集團(tuán)的聯(lián)絡(luò)、與土地所有者和當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)的談判、8小時的城市規(guī)劃會議以及公眾的調(diào)查，以獲得土地和復(fù)雜的規(guī)劃許可，而這個地點與最初的赫斯靈頓西部校區(qū)的規(guī)模相當(dāng)。2009年，新成立的Goodricke學(xué)院在赫斯靈頓東部開設(shè)了第一棟建筑。在2003年40周年的時候，我們寫了關(guān)于赫斯頓東的報道:這將是最初校園設(shè)計師們所希望的一切——綜合、景觀和交通，擁有大量的水，以及非?？释拿癖?。
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