2018考研英語二真題及答案(文字版)

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    2018考研英語二真題及答案(文字版)
    Section I Use of English
    Directions：
    Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
    why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people wiill 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.
    In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.
    Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.
    The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a final experiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity."Hsee says.In other words,don't read online comments.
    1. A.resolveB.protectC.discussD.ignore
    2.A.refuseB.waitC.seekD.regret
    3.A.riseB.lastC.misleadD.hurt
    4.A.alertB.tieC.exposeD.treat
    5.A.messageB.trialC.reviewD.concept
    6.A.removeB.weakenC.deliverD.interrupt
    7. A.UnlessB.IfC.ThoughD.When
    8. A.happenB.continueC.disappearD.change
    9. A.rather thanB.such asC.regardless ofD.owing to
    10. A.disagreeB. forgiveC.forgetD.discover
    11. A.payB.marriageC.foodD.schooling
    12.A.begin withB.rest onC.learn fromD.lead to
    13.A. withdrawalB. inquiryC .persistenceD.diligence
    14.A.self-destiuctiveB.self-reliantC. self-evidentD.self-deceptive
    15.A.resistB.defineC.replaceD.trace
    16.A.predictB.overlookC.designD.conceal
    17. A.rememberB.chooseC.promiseD.pretend
    18. A.reliefB.planC.outcomeD.duty
    19.A. whetherB.whyC.whereD.how
    20. A.limitationsB.investmentsC.strategiesD.consequences
    Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
    Part A
    Directions:
    Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
    Text 1
    It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.
    Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?
    As Koziatek knows,there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.
    But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority.Schools in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype..that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,”he says.
    On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated.More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids,and rigitfully so.
    But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all -and the subtle devaluing of anything less-misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the American economy neds.Yes,a bachelor’s degree opens more doors.But even now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.
    In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs,but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.
    Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call.When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation’s diversiy of gifts.
    21.A brokan bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of______.
    A.mechanical memorization
    B.academic training
    C.practical ability
    D.pioneering spirit
    22.There existsthe prejudice that vocational education is for kids who______.
    A.are financially disadvantaged
    B.are not academically successful
    C.have a stereotyped mind
    D.have no career motivation
    23.We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates______.
    A.are entitled to more “ducational privileges
    B.are reluctant to work in manufacturing
    C.used to have more job opportunities
    D.used to have big financial concerns
    24.The headlong push into bacheloi’s degrees for all_____.
    A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs
    B.may narrow the gap in working-class jobs
    C.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce
    D.indicates the overvaluing of higher education
    25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as_____.
    A.supportive
    B.disappointed
    C.tolerant
    D.cautious
    21. 答案 C practical ability
    這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞可定位至第二段最后一句話,意思是”什么時候這種觀點(diǎn)變得可接受了呢?學(xué)生應(yīng)該能夠說出美國第十三任總統(tǒng)的名字，但是卻完全對壞了的自行車鏈?zhǔn)譄o策”。從作者使用問句的形式就可判斷出作者并不接受這種觀點(diǎn)，即學(xué)生只學(xué)會書本上的知識而不具備實(shí)際能力。再結(jié)合上一句話即本段第二句話，Mr Koziatek是New Hampshire高中的一名老師，在這所學(xué)校，學(xué)習(xí)不只是書本上的知識，或者是為了考試，也不是為了機(jī)械化的記憶，而是為了實(shí)際的技能。能看出，作者認(rèn)為學(xué)生們?nèi)鄙俚氖菍?shí)際技能，所以答案是C practical ability.
    22. 答案 B are not academically successful
    這是一道具體細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞職業(yè)教育對孩子存在的偏見可定位至第四段最后一句，意思是“在很多職業(yè)化教育的學(xué)校中，有這樣一種老套的思想，那就是，職業(yè)教育是針對那些在學(xué)術(shù)上不能成功的那些孩子的?！备鶕?jù)這句話可確定答案就是B are not academically successful 。其他選項均不符合文意。
    23.答案C used to have more job opportunities
    這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題，根據(jù)題干第五段和high school graduates 回到原文定位致第五段第三句，說到美國經(jīng)濟(jì)曾經(jīng)提供給高中畢業(yè)生的那種the job security已經(jīng)在很大程度上evaporated也就是消失了，那說明過去的時候高中畢業(yè)生是有職業(yè)安全感的，故選C，其他選項都不在定位處，可以排除。
    24.答案D indicate the overvaluing of higher education
    這是一道事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干內(nèi)容“the headlong push”找到出處是第六段開頭But后，發(fā)現(xiàn)后面還有一個and...和其并列，所以主要關(guān)注對這兩部分的評價，后面有明顯的標(biāo)點(diǎn)：冒號出現(xiàn)，冒號后說that is not the only thing the American economy needs. 可以看出這句話對前面的否定，選項中只有D選項動詞overvalue是負(fù)面詞，而且提到主題詞education。故選D。這道題最適合用感情色彩來排除與D相反的其他三個選項。
    25.答案A supportive
    這是一道態(tài)度題，放在最末的態(tài)度題更傾向于到最后一段找答案。通過定位詞Koziatek’s school 看到最后一段也確實(shí)提到了，說它是一個wake-up call。也就是在喚醒人們教育不應(yīng)該是統(tǒng)一的形式，這樣會overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts，也就是忽視人才的差異性。所以可以看出作者是支持的態(tài)度。
    Text2
    While fossil fuels- coal,oil,gas- still generate roughly 85 percent of the world's energy supply,it'sclearer than ever that the future belongs to renewablesources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentumaround the world: They now account for more than half ofnew power sourcesgoing on line.
    Some growth stems from a commitment bygovernments and farsighted Businssesto fundcleanerenergy sources.But increasinglythestoryisabout theplummeting prices of renewables,especially wind and solar.The cost of solarpanels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close taone-third in the past eight years.
    In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland,for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March,for the first time,wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US,reported the US Energy Information Administration.
    President Trump has underlined fossil fuels - especially coal - as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source, But that message did not play well with many in Iowa,where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state's electricity generation - and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.
    The question “what happens when the wind doesn't blow or the sun doesn'tshine?" has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage apacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.
    The advance is driven in par by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now. this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.
    While there's a long way to go,the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up perhaps: just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does-or doesn't do- to promote alternative energy may mean less and less a time of a global shift in thought.
    26.The word "plummeting"(Line 3,Para.2)is closest in meaning to ______
    A.stabilizing
    B.changing
    C.falling
    D.rising
    27. According to Paragraph 3,the use of renewable energy in America ______
    A. is progressing notably
    B. is as extensive as in Europe
    C. faces many challenges
    D. has proved to be impractical
    28. It can be learned that in Iowa,
    ______.
    A. wind is a widely used energy source
    B. wind energy has replaced fossil fuels
    C. tech giants are investing in clean energy
    D. there is a shortage of clean energy supply
    29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?A. Its application has boosted battery storage.B. It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D. Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult. 30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy _____.
    A. will bring the US closer to other countries
    B. will accelerate global environmental change
    C. is not really encouraged by the US government
    D. is not competitive enough with regard to its cost
    30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy _____.
    A. will bring the US closer to other countries
    B. will accelerate global environmental change
    C. is not really encouraged by the US government
    D. is not competitive enough with regard to its cost
    26.答案 C falling
    這是一道詞義句意題，要想知道plummeting 的意思，首先要回到原文找線索，即plummeting所在的句子以及上下句，由原文可知，plummeting所在句子是在說現(xiàn)在例如風(fēng)能和太陽能這樣的可再生資源的價格的問題，plummeting是修飾可再生資源的價格的，接著二段最后一句就在用具體數(shù)字來證明可再生資源的成本在下降，如太陽能成本下降了百分之八十，風(fēng)能也降到三分之一，由此可知，可再生資源的成本在下降，plummeting的含義是下降的意思。所以選擇C falling。
    27. 答案 A is progressing notably
    這是一道具體細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第三段第三句及第四句，意思是“在中國和歐洲等國家已經(jīng)領(lǐng)先時，美國也在見證著巨大的改變。根據(jù)美國能源信息局報道，三月份，美國首次使用風(fēng)能和太陽能產(chǎn)生了超過百分之十以上的能源?！边@足以說明在美國，可再生能源的使用正在取得顯著地進(jìn)步。所以答案是A。
    28. 答案 A wind is a widely used energy source
    這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第四段第三句，在愛荷華州，風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)點(diǎn)綴著這個州并提供了此州百分之三十六的電能，并且還吸引了像微軟這樣的科技巨頭公司。因此可判斷，在愛荷華州，風(fēng)能是一種廣泛使用的能源。所以答案是A。
    29.答案 C its continuous supply is becoming a reality
    這是一道是非細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干給出的段落位置，5-6兩段和主題詞clean energy，回到原文的第5-6段，這兩段都不長，第五段出現(xiàn)了But后講到電池容量的提升a boost in the storage，與A選項不符，并不是因果關(guān)系，故排除;B選項說道廣泛用在制造業(yè)也不符合原文第六段第一句;而D選項和原文第六段最后一句是語義相反的，故也排除;正確選項C是和這句話語義一致的，也是和全文主題一致的，故為正確答案。
    30.答案C is not really encouraged by the US government
    這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題，題干問“根據(jù)最后一段可以推斷出來可再生能源怎么了”，回到原文最后一段第一句就表明盡管還有很長一段路要走，可再生能源發(fā)展的趨勢在增強(qiáng)。后面也提到改變的節(jié)奏在加快，對slowing氣候變化有meaningful effect，所以可以看出B選項accelerate...是不對的，D選項中提到的價格不具有競爭力不在本段當(dāng)中，也應(yīng)排除。剩下的兩個選項都提到了美國，就應(yīng)該重點(diǎn)看最后一句，最后一句提到華盛頓政府做或不做什么都may mean less and less...所以可以看出美國不應(yīng)該是和其他國家更近，排除A，所以選C，美國不是真正支持可再生能源的。
    

考研英語真題		考研數(shù)學(xué)真題				政治真題	專業(yè)課真題
英語一真題	英語二真題	數(shù)學(xué)一真題	數(shù)學(xué)二真題	數(shù)學(xué)三真題	數(shù)農(nóng)真題
考研英語答案		考研數(shù)學(xué)答案				政治答案	專業(yè)課答案
英語一答案	英語二答案	數(shù)學(xué)一答案	數(shù)學(xué)二答案	數(shù)學(xué)三答案	數(shù)農(nóng)答案