美國法學(xué)院的最新排名已經(jīng)全新公布，其中不僅包括校園的排名還公布了每個大學(xué)的費用等信息，那么該排名的依據(jù)是什么呢?跟著出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)來了解一下最新美國法學(xué)院排名依據(jù)詳解，歡迎閱讀。
The U.S. News rankings of 197 law schools fully accredited by the American Bar Association are based on a weighted average of the 12 measures of quality described below. Data were collected in fall 2016 and early 2017.Specialty rankings are based solely on nominations by legal educators at peer institutions.
美國律師協(xié)會對197所法學(xué)院進行了US News排名，該排名是基于以下12項質(zhì)量衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的加權(quán)平均值得出的。數(shù)據(jù)收集于2016年秋季和2017年初。專業(yè)排名僅根據(jù)同行院校的法律教育工作者的提名。
一、質(zhì)量評估(權(quán)重為0.40)Quality Assessment (weighted by 0.40)
1.同行評估得分(0.25)
In fall 2016, law school deans, deans of academic affairs, chairs of faculty appointments and the most recently tenured faculty members were asked to rate programs on a scale from marginal (1) to outstanding (5). Those individuals who did not know enough about a school to evaluate it fairly were asked to mark "don't know."A school's score is the average of all the respondents who rated it. Responses of "don't know" counted neither for nor against a school. Sixty-six percent of those surveyed responded.
2016年秋季學(xué)期，法學(xué)院院長、學(xué)術(shù)事務(wù)院長和教授任命和最近終身教職員工被要求從最低分?jǐn)?shù)1到杰出分?jǐn)?shù)5分來評價課程，那些不了解學(xué)校的人在評估學(xué)校的時候我們要求他回答“不知道”。學(xué)校的分?jǐn)?shù)是所有評分者的平均值?！啊安恢馈边@個回答既不是對于該學(xué)校的肯定也不是否定，66%的受訪者回答說。
2.律師和法官的評估評分(0.15)
In fall 2016, as in previous years, legal professionals – including the hiring partners of law firms, practicing attorneys and judges – were asked to rate programs on a scale from 1 (marginal) to 5 (outstanding). Those individuals who did not know enough about a school to evaluate it fairly were asked to mark "don't know." The law schools provided U.S. News with the names of those surveyedA school's score is the average of all the respondents who rated it in the three most recent years of survey results. Responses of "don't know" counted neither for nor against a school.Ipsos Public Affairs collected the assessment data.
2016年秋季學(xué)期，與前幾年一樣，法律專業(yè)人員——包括律師事務(wù)所的雇傭合伙人、執(zhí)業(yè)律師和法官——被要求以1(邊際)到5(杰出)的比例對課程進行評級。那些對一所學(xué)校不夠了解的人被要求打分“不知道”?！胺▽W(xué)院向US News提供了相應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)，而這些調(diào)查結(jié)果是在最近幾年的調(diào)查結(jié)果中所有被調(diào)查者的平均成績?！安恢馈边@個回答既不是對于該學(xué)校的肯定也不是否定。益普索公共事務(wù)負(fù)責(zé)收集評估數(shù)據(jù)。
二、選擇性(由0.25加權(quán))Selectivity (weighted by 0.25)
1.中位數(shù)LSAT和GRE成績(0.125)
These are the combined median scores on the Law School Admission Test of all 2016 full-time and part-time entrants to the J.D. program. For the first time, U.S. News used median GRE scores in combination with LSAT scores for this indicator if they were reported for a law school's 2016 entering class. The University of Arizona was the only school that reported both LSAT and GRE scores to U.S. News for its 2016 entering class.
這些是2016年所有全日制和非全日制的法學(xué)院入學(xué)考試的中位數(shù)分?jǐn)?shù)。這是第一次，US News使用中位數(shù)與LSAT分?jǐn)?shù)相結(jié)合，如果他們在2016年的法學(xué)院入學(xué)考試中已經(jīng)知曉相應(yīng)的成績了的話。亞利桑那大學(xué)是唯一一所同時公布LSAT和GRE成績的學(xué)校。
2.本科平均績點(0.10)
This is the combined median undergraduate grade-point average of all the 2016 full-time and part-time entrants to the J.D. program.
這是所有2016年全日制和非全日制的平均本科平均學(xué)分績點。
3.錄取率(0.025)
This is the combined proportion of applicants to both the full-time and part-time J.D. programs who were accepted for the 2016 entering class.
這是申請2016年入學(xué)的全日制和非全日制的法學(xué)博士課程的申請者的總比例。
三、實習(xí)安置機會(加權(quán)為0.20)Placement Success (weighted by 0.20)
1.畢業(yè)生的就業(yè)率
Success is determined by calculating employment rates for 2015 grads at graduation (0.04 weight) and 10 months after (0.14 weight), as well as the bar passage rate, explained below.In recent years, enhanced ABA reporting rules have led to a great deal more information becoming available from law schools about the many types of positions law students take after they graduate. Each year, the schools are required to report to the ABA how many of their most recent grads had various types of jobs lined up after graduation.For the first time, starting with the J.D. graduating class of 2015, the ABA mandated that schools report law school and university positions separately from all other nonuniversity funded positions to make the difference between the two types of jobs very clear. U.S. News adopted this standard for data collection for the class of 2015 at graduation and 10 months later.
The ABA standards require the law schools to go into a great deal of detail by reporting 45 different job types, as well as employment status and duration. That includes, for example, whether each graduate's employment was long term – defined as lasting at least a year – or short term; was full or part time; and whether it required passage of a bar exam.U.S. News collected these same statistics when the schools were surveyed for the annual rankings and gathered the same data on members of the class who were employed at graduation and 10 months after graduation. U.S. News also collected data on students' jobs when the law school was unable to determine length of employment or full- or part-time status, as well as when employment status was unknown.
成功是通過計算2015年畢業(yè)生的就業(yè)率(0.04)和10個月后(0.14)以及通過率來確定的。近年來，《US News報告規(guī)則》的出臺，使得法學(xué)院有了更多的關(guān)于法學(xué)院學(xué)生畢業(yè)后所從事的各種職位的信息。每年，學(xué)校都要向阿壩報告他們的應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生中有多少人畢業(yè)后有各種各樣的工作。第一次，從2015年的.畢業(yè)班開始，ABA要求學(xué)校將法學(xué)院和大學(xué)的職位與其他所有非大學(xué)的職位分開，以使兩種工作之間的區(qū)別非常清楚?！禪S News報》采用了這一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，為2015屆畢業(yè)生收集數(shù)據(jù)，10個月后。ABA標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求法學(xué)院通過報告45種不同的工作類型，以及就業(yè)狀況和持續(xù)時間，進行大量細節(jié)的研究。其中包括，是否每個畢業(yè)生的就業(yè)都是長期的，至少是一年或短期的;全部或部分時間;以及是否需要通過律師考試?！禪S News》收集了這些相同的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)，這些學(xué)校在年度排名中進行了調(diào)查，并收集了在畢業(yè)10個月后被錄用的學(xué)生的相同數(shù)據(jù)?！禪S News》還收集了有關(guān)學(xué)生就業(yè)的數(shù)據(jù)，當(dāng)時法學(xué)院無法確定就業(yè)時間或全日制或非全日制狀態(tài)，以及就業(yè)狀況不明的情況?！禪S News報》將這一豐富的數(shù)據(jù)納入了2015屆畢業(yè)和10個月后的就業(yè)措施的計算。就業(yè)成功的計算方法是將不同的權(quán)重分配給45個不同類型。就業(yè)狀況和持續(xù)時間。對于那些沒有法律學(xué)院或大學(xué)資助的全日制工作的畢業(yè)生來說，他們的全部體重都是在至少一年的時間里完成的。許多法學(xué)教育專家認(rèn)為這些是真正的法律工作。
全日制的長期的工作，專業(yè)的或非專業(yè)的，不需要通過;追求更高的學(xué)位;對那些開始日期被推遲的職位。最低的職位適用于非全日制和短期的工作，以及法學(xué)院無法確定的工作時間或全日制的工作。大學(xué)法學(xué)院和立場US News繼續(xù)施加一個更大的折扣在我們的排名計算工作的價值認(rèn)為法學(xué)院畢業(yè)生或大學(xué)資助相比,用于在同一類別的重量,并不是由法律學(xué)?；虼髮W(xué)。全日制工作至少需要一年的時間，而在這一段時間里，如果他們是學(xué)校或大學(xué)資助的學(xué)生，他們的學(xué)習(xí)成績并沒有受到足夠的重視。所有其他類型的工作，在排名計算中如果它們是由法學(xué)院或大學(xué)資助的話便得到了更少的權(quán)重，如果它們是由法學(xué)院或大學(xué)資助的話，則會被進一步的低估。所有這些加權(quán)數(shù)字除以2015年J.D.畢業(yè)生的總數(shù)。它們僅用于排名公式，并沒有發(fā)表。排名表中顯示的就業(yè)統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)反映了實際利率，這是2015年J.D.畢業(yè)生的總?cè)藬?shù)，所有工作崗位都不包括由法學(xué)院或大學(xué)提供的全日制、長期的職位，以及法學(xué)博士和律師行是必要的或有利的。其他類型職位的實際利率出現(xiàn)在每所學(xué)校最新畢業(yè)班的簡介中。
這兩種職位的就業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)——那些不是由法學(xué)院或大學(xué)資助的，以及那些——只能通過US News法學(xué)院的《羅盤訂閱》獲得。
四、律師考試通過率Bar passage rate(0.02)
This is the ratio of the bar passage rate of a school's 2015 graduating class to that jurisdiction's overall state bar passage rate for first-time test-takers in winter 2015 and summer 2015.The jurisdiction listed is the state where the largest number of 2015 graduates took the state bar exam. The National Conference of Bar Examiners provided the state bar examination pass rates for first-time test-takers in winter and summer 2015.
這是2015年冬季和2015年夏季，某學(xué)校2015年畢業(yè)班的通過率與該司法管轄區(qū)在第一次參加考試時的總體水平的比例。該轄區(qū)列出了2015年畢業(yè)生參加國家律師資格考試的人數(shù)最多的州。全國律師協(xié)會在2015年冬季和夏季為首次參加考試的人提供了國家律師考試通過率。
五、教師資源(權(quán)重為0.15)Faculty Resources (weighted by 0.15)
1.每個學(xué)生的支出(0.015)
This is the average expenditures per student for the 2015 and 2016 fiscal years. The average instruction, library and supporting services (0.0975) are measured, as are all other items, including financial aid .
這是2015和2016財年每個學(xué)生的平均支出。測量的平均指令、庫和支持服務(wù)和其他所有課程(包括財務(wù)援助)都是實測的。
2.學(xué)生與教師比例(0.03)
This is the ratio of students to faculty members for 2016, modeled after an ABA definition from previous years.
這是2016年學(xué)生與教師的比例，按照前幾年的ABA定義建模。
3.圖書館資源(0.0075)
This is the total number of volumes and titles in the school's law library at the end of the 2016 fiscal year.
這是2016財政年度結(jié)束時學(xué)校法律圖書館的總數(shù)量和書名。
六、整體排名
Overall Rank:Data were standardized about their means, and standardized scores were weighted, totaled and rescaled so that the top school received 100; others received their percentage of the top score. Law schools were then numerically ranked in descending order based on their scores.Check back every now and then, as we occasionally add content to the website when we obtain additional data we think are useful – whether on job placement, GPA, LSAT test scores or other factors – or learn information that changes the data.
Rank Not Published:U.S. News has numerically ranked the top three-fourths of the law schools that were eligible to be ranked. The bottom quarter of the law schools are listed as Rank Not Published.Rank Not Published means that U.S. News calculated a numerical rank for that school but decided not to publish it. U.S. News will supply schools listed as Rank Not Published with their numerical ranks if they submit a request following the procedures listed in the Information for School Officials.Schools marked as Rank Not published are listed alphabetically.Schools Not Ranked and Listed as Unranked。oncordia University in Idaho and Lincoln Memorial University in Tennessee are unranked because, as of February 2017, they were only provisionally approved by the ABA. Charlotte School of Law in North Carolina was unranked because it was on probation status with the ABA as of February 2017.
Also unranked are Inter-American University in Puerto Rico, the University of Puerto Rico and Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico.
Indiana Tech Law School, which is closing in June 2017, does not appear on usnews.com.
To be ranked and listed on the overall ranking tables, a law school must be accredited and fully approved by the ABA.
整體排名:數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化得分加權(quán)使頂尖學(xué)校獲得100分;其他人則獲得了最高分?jǐn)?shù)的百分比。根據(jù)他們的成績，法學(xué)院的排名按降序排列。時不時地檢查一下，因為我們偶爾會在網(wǎng)站上添加一些內(nèi)容，當(dāng)我們獲得額外的數(shù)據(jù)時，我們認(rèn)為這些數(shù)據(jù)是有用的——無論是在工作安排、GPA、LSAT考試成績還是其他因素——或者學(xué)習(xí)信息改變數(shù)據(jù)。
沒有公布的排名:US News排名已經(jīng)對符合資格的法學(xué)院的前四分之三進行了排名。排名倒數(shù)第二的法學(xué)院排名沒有公布。排名沒有公布意味著US News計算了該學(xué)校的數(shù)字排名，但決定不公布。US News將向被列為排名沒有公布的學(xué)校提供排名，如果他們按照學(xué)校官員信息中列出的程序提交申請。未公布排名的學(xué)校按字母順序排列。位于愛達荷州的昂科迪亞大學(xué)和田納西州的林肯紀(jì)念大學(xué)都沒有排名，因為到2017年2月，它們只是暫時得到了ABA的批準(zhǔn)。北卡羅來納州的夏洛特法學(xué)院排名不靠前。排名也沒有排名的是波多黎各的美洲大學(xué)、波多黎各大學(xué)和波多黎各天主教大學(xué)。即將于2017年6月關(guān)閉的印第安納大學(xué)法學(xué)院沒有出現(xiàn)在usnews.com上。要在綜合排名中排名和列出，法學(xué)院必須經(jīng)過認(rèn)證并得到ABA的全面批準(zhǔn)。
Specialty Rankings:
The specialty rankings are based solely on votes by legal educators in fall 2016, who nominated up to 15 schools in each field. U.S. News asked law schools during summer 2016 to supply the names of faculty members and legal educators who were currently teaching in each field. U.S. News used those names as the sole basis for creating the respondent pool for the specialty rankings.Programs are numerically ranked in descending order based on the number of nominations they received, as long as they received seven or more nominations in that specialty area. This means that schools ranked at the bottom of each law specialty ranking have received at least seven nominations.
專業(yè)排名:專業(yè)排名僅基于2016年秋季的法律教育工作者的投票，他們在每個領(lǐng)域提名了15所學(xué)校。《US News》在2016年夏季要求法學(xué)院提供教員和法律教育者的名字，這些人目前在各個領(lǐng)域任教。US News使用了這些名字作為創(chuàng)建專業(yè)排名的答辯池的唯一依據(jù)。根據(jù)他們所獲得的提名數(shù)量，程序按順序按降序排列，只要他們在該專業(yè)領(lǐng)域獲得7個或更多的提名。這意味著排名在每一項法律專業(yè)排名最末的學(xué)校至少獲得了七項提名。
School Data:The schools provided the data listed in the rankings tables and on school profile pages. If a data point is listed as "N/A," the school did not provide it.
學(xué)校數(shù)據(jù):學(xué)校提供排名表和學(xué)校資料頁上列出的數(shù)據(jù)。如果一個數(shù)據(jù)點被列為“N / a”，學(xué)校沒有提供相應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)。
以上內(nèi)容由出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)www.liuxue86.com獨家翻譯，版權(quán)歸出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)所有，未經(jīng)出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)授權(quán)許可，任何公司任何人不得轉(zhuǎn)載，違者必追究法律責(zé)任!