Germany is the most popular non-Anglophone study destination in the world, and with its trendy student cities and low (or no) tuition fees, it’s not hard to see why.
Germany is the world’s most popular non-Anglophone study destination, and the third most popular overall – only the US and the UK welcome more international students each year. Find out what motivates so many to study in Germany, and how to choose and apply to a German university.
Germany is a country characterized by variety. Trendy and modern Berlin can seem a world away from the more traditional and conservative Munich. The gleaming skyscrapers of Frankfurt form a stark contrast to quaint Heidelberg. And if bustling and fast-paced Hamburg becomes too much, you can always retreat to the peaceful and picturesque Middle Rhine region.
Universities in Germany offer plenty of choice, including some of the most prestigious institutions in Western Europe. Germany’s highest ranked university in the QS World University Rankings? 2016-2017 is Technische Universit?t München (ranked 60th in the world), followed by Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit?t München (joint 68th) and Ruprecht-Karls-Universit?t Heidelberg (72nd).
Beyond that, every major German city you can think of has at least one university ranked among the world’s best. A total of 15 German universities make the world’s top 250, and 31 are included within the world’s top 500. This establishes Germany well within the world’s higher education elite.
In addition to world-class universities, Germany also offers high quality of life, relatively low tuition fees, extensive support and scholarship schemes for international students, and decent post-graduation employment prospects. So it’s easy to see why so many choose to study in Germany each year.
If you’re planning to study in Germany at postgraduate level, check out our dedicated guides for master’s degrees in Germany and PhDs in Germany.
If you’re planning to study your first university degree in Germany, read on…
德國是世界上最受歡迎的非英語國家的留學(xué)目的地，也是整體上第三受歡迎的留學(xué)目的地——只有美國和英國每年會迎來更多的國際留學(xué)生。德國有許多緊跟潮流的學(xué)生城市，還有很低(或者根本不存在)的學(xué)費(fèi)，你是否想要知道為什么這么多人選擇去德國留學(xué)，以及如何選擇和申請德國大學(xué)呢?
德國是一個(gè)非常多樣化的國家，這里有時(shí)髦和現(xiàn)代的柏林，也有更傳統(tǒng)和保守的慕尼黑，法蘭克福閃閃發(fā)光的摩天大樓與古典的海德堡行程了鮮明的對比。如果熱鬧和快節(jié)奏的漢堡讓你覺得變化太多，你也能撤退到平靜和風(fēng)景如畫的中東萊茵地區(qū)。
德國有許多的大學(xué)可供你選擇，包括一些在西歐地區(qū)最負(fù)盛名的大學(xué)。德國在2016-2017年QS世界大學(xué)排名中排名最高的大學(xué)是慕尼黑工業(yè)大學(xué)(世界排名第60位)，緊隨其后的是慕尼黑大學(xué)(并列第68位)和海德堡大學(xué)(第72位)。
除此之外，每一個(gè)你能想到的德國主要的城市都有至少一所大學(xué)進(jìn)入世界最佳大學(xué)之列?？偣灿?5所德國大學(xué)位于世界大學(xué)排名前250名之內(nèi)，并且還有31所大學(xué)位于世界大學(xué)排名前500名之內(nèi)。這也使得德國成為世界高等教育精英國家中的一員。
除了世界一流的大學(xué)之外，德國還有高質(zhì)量的生活，相對較低的學(xué)費(fèi)，為國際留學(xué)生們提供的廣泛的支持和獎學(xué)金項(xiàng)目，畢業(yè)后光明就業(yè)前景。所以你也很容易明白每年為什么這么多人選擇去德國留學(xué)了。
如果你想要去德國攻讀研究生等級的課程，那么你可以查看我們有關(guān)德國碩士學(xué)位和博士學(xué)位的指南。
如果你想要去德國大學(xué)攻讀你的第一個(gè)學(xué)位，那么接著往下看吧。以下是出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)為大家獨(dú)家整理并且翻譯的德國留學(xué)申請指南，希望對那些想要去德國留學(xué)的小伙伴們有幫助。
1. Choose a university
So, you’ve decided on Germany as your study abroad destination – now it’s time to choose the right course and university for you. The German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) has a database of almost 17,000 programs available to search from, including 88 programs in English. Unfortunately opportunities to study in Germany in Englishat undergraduate level are currently quite limited, though there are some courses taught in both English and German (typically starting with English for the first two to four semesters and then changing to German). This allows you to study in English while improving your proficiency in German, particularly as your university may offer German language classes.
You may also like to consider the latest rankings of the top universities in Germany while making your decision, or check the latest QS World University Rankings by Subject to find the top German institutions in your field. When choosing a university and a course you should also make sure the course content suits you. Check the information provided on the official websites of universities you’re considering, and get in touch to request more detail if needed.
You should also consider the location. Are you interested in living in cool capital Berlin, immersed in the traditional Bavarian culture of Munich, amidst the skyscrapers of financial hub Frankfurt, or in a quieter student city such as G?ttingen?
1、選擇一所大學(xué)
所以，你已經(jīng)決定把德國作為你的留學(xué)目的地——那么現(xiàn)在是時(shí)候?yàn)槟阕约哼x擇正確的課程和大學(xué)了。德國學(xué)術(shù)交流協(xié)會(DAAD)有一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫，在里面有將近1.7萬個(gè)課程項(xiàng)目可供你搜索。其中包括88個(gè)英語授課的課程。不幸的是，目前在德國就讀本科階段英語授課課程的機(jī)會是相當(dāng)有限的，但是有一些課程是用英語和德語共同授課的(通常最開始的兩個(gè)到四個(gè)學(xué)期是用英語授課的，然后再改為德語)。這能夠讓你學(xué)習(xí)英語授課的課程，與此同時(shí)又提高了你的德語水平，特別是如果你的大學(xué)能夠提供德語語言課程的話。
當(dāng)你做這個(gè)決定的時(shí)候，你可能也會想要參考德國頂尖大學(xué)的最新排名，或者查看最新的世界大學(xué)專業(yè)排名，以找到在你想要就讀領(lǐng)域最頂尖的德國大學(xué)有哪些。當(dāng)你選擇一所大學(xué)和一門課程的時(shí)候，你也應(yīng)該確保課程內(nèi)容適合你。你查看你正在考慮的大學(xué)官方網(wǎng)站上提供的信息，如果你有需要的話，你可以聯(lián)系大學(xué)方面為你提供更多的詳情。
你還應(yīng)該考慮位置因素。你是否有興趣生活在涼爽的首都柏林，想要沉浸在慕尼黑的傳統(tǒng)巴伐利亞文化中，傾心于金融中心法蘭克福的摩天大樓，或者想要一個(gè)安靜的學(xué)生城市例如哥廷根這樣的?
2. Check the admission requirements
Before applying, check that your current qualifications are recognized by your chosen university. To study in Germany you need to have a recognized Hochschulzugangsberechtigung(HZB), meaning ‘higher education entrance qualification’. This can come in many formats, particularly for international students who have gained their school-leaving qualifications in a different country.
For prospective undergraduate students, a high-school diploma, school-leaving certificate or university entrance exam result is usually sufficient, and the DAAD has a database of information on admission requirements for selected countries. Students with qualifications from outside Europe may have to sit the Feststellungsprüfung entrance examination after attending a preparatory Studienkolleg, although high-achieving students may be able to bypass this.
You’ll also need to check the language requirements. Most courses are taught in German, requiring international applicants to submit proof of proficiency in the German language. Two main tests are available for this purpose: the Deutsche Sprachprüfung für den Hochschulzugang (DSH, meaning “German language examination for university entrance”) and the TestDaF (formerly Test Deutsch als Fremdsprache, meaning “Test of German as a foreign language”).
The DSH is offered only within Germany, at various universities, while the TestDaF can be taken at centers in more than 90 countries worldwide. Both are equally well recognized, but you should check the test you intend to take is accepted by the universities you want to apply to.
If your course is taught in English, unless you are a native speaker or have previously studied in English, you will need to prove your knowledge of the language with a test such as IELTS or TOEFL. Universities will usually state the score/s they require on their websites.
The language of instruction at most universities in Germany is German. All students undertaking a German-taught program will need to be able to demonstrate a firm knowledge of the language, either by means of a language test result or by taking a preparatory course. Accepted proficiency tests are the DSH (German Language University Entrance Examination for International Applicants),TestDaF (Test of German as a Foreign Language), GDS (Goethe Institut German Language Diploma) and the DSD (German Language Diploma of the Standing Conference of the Minister of Education and Cultural Affairs, Level II). If you are only studying in Germany for one or two semesters you may not need to provide this evidence.
If you have a limited knowledge of German, you could consider taking an English-language program. There are a growing number of English-taught programs at universities in Germany, particularly at postgraduate level. If you are a non-native English speaker, you may be required to provide proof of your English-language proficiency with a TOEFL or IELTS result. If your chosen school requires this, they will list ‘proof of English-language proficiency’ as an entry requirement.
2、了解入學(xué)申請要求
在你申請之前，請檢查你所選擇的大學(xué)是否承認(rèn)你目前取得的學(xué)歷資格。想要在德國留學(xué)，你需要有一個(gè)公認(rèn)的Hochschulzugangsberechtigung (HZB)，意思是就是“高等教育入學(xué)資格”。這可以有多種形式，特別是對于那些在不同國家獲得了畢業(yè)資格的國際學(xué)生來說。
對于未來的本科生來說，一份高中文憑、離校證書或者大學(xué)入學(xué)考試成績通常就足夠了，德國學(xué)術(shù)交流協(xié)會(DAAD)有一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫，里面有關(guān)于特定國家錄取要求的信息。持有歐洲以外國家學(xué)歷資格的學(xué)生可能必須先參加德國大學(xué)預(yù)科(Studienkolleg)的預(yù)備課程，然后參加強(qiáng)制性的評估考試(Feststellungprüfung)，但是特別出類拔萃的學(xué)生可能不需要參加這些。
你還需要了解語言要求。大多數(shù)課程都是用德語授課的，這也就要求國際申請人提交德語的熟練程度證明。有兩個(gè)主流測測試可以用于此目的：有兩個(gè)主要的測試可用于此目的：the Deutsche Sprachprüfung für den Hochschulzugang (簡稱為DSH，也就是“德國高校外國申請者入學(xué)德語考試”) 和TestDaF (也叫德福，全稱是Test Deutsch als Fremdsprache，意思是“德國作為一種外語的測試”，對象是以赴德留學(xué)為目的的外國學(xué)習(xí)德語者或一般只想證明自己德語語言水平的人)。
DSH考試只在德國舉行，由德國各高校單獨(dú)組織，而德福測試在全球90多個(gè)國家都可以參加。這兩個(gè)考試都同樣被公認(rèn)，但是在你參加考試之前，你應(yīng)該先確定你所參加的考試是否被你想要申請的大學(xué)接受。
如果你的課程是用英語授課的，除非你是一個(gè)母語為英語的人或者之前用英語學(xué)習(xí)過，否則你需要通過雅思或托?？荚噥碜C明你的英語語言能力。大學(xué)通常會在他們自己的官方網(wǎng)站上說明他們所需要的分?jǐn)?shù)。
德國大部分大學(xué)的教學(xué)語言都是德語。所有參加德語授課課程的學(xué)生需要證明你有相關(guān)的語言知識，你可以通過提供語言測試結(jié)果，或者參加預(yù)備課程的方式來證明。官方德語語言能力測試有DSH (國際學(xué)生申請德語語言大學(xué)入學(xué)考試)、德福(TestDaF，德語作為一門外語的測試)、GDS (歌德學(xué)院德語語言文憑)和DSD (教育和文化事務(wù)常務(wù)會議德語語言文憑，等級II)。如果你只在德國大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)一個(gè)或兩個(gè)學(xué)期，你可能不需要提供這些證明。
如果你的德語能力有限，你可以考慮參加英語授課的課程。在德國有越來越多的大學(xué)提供英語授課的課程，特別是研究生等級的課程。如果你的母語非英語，你可能需要通過提交你的托?；蜓潘伎荚嚦煽儊碜C明你的英語語言能力。如果你想要申請的大學(xué)對此有要求，他們會在入學(xué)要求中明確列出“英語語言能力證明”這一條。
3. Get your finances in order
In order to fulfill student visa requirements, you will need to show proof that you have, or have access to, around €7,908 per year (US$8,722) or €659 (US$727) per month to cover your living costs, although you may find you need more, depending on your lifestyle and spending habits (the average student spends €800/US$877 a month). Living costs vary depending on the location; according to Mercer’s Cost of Living Survey, Munich is currently Germany’s most expensive city, followed by Frankfurt am Main and Berlin.
If you’re concerned about costs, there are scholarships available to support students studying in Germany at various study levels including undergraduate level, despite the tuition itself being free.
While many students are able to study in Germany for free, living expenses are unavoidable. The cost of living in Germany is more expensive in some areas than others (big cities such as Munich as well as cities across western Germany tend to be more expensive), with costs ranging from €350 to €1,000 (~US$482 to US$1,377) per month. Rent will be your largest monthly expense, but is cheaper if you live in a shared flat (average rent of €298/US$340 per month) or a student hall of residence (€240/US$275 per month).
Based on data from the DAAD, other average monthly costs are as follows: €165 (~US$190) for food; €52 (US$60) for clothes; €82 (US$95) for transport; €33 (US$38) for telephone, internet and TV license; €30 (US$35) for work/study materials, and €68 (US$80) for leisure activities.
You won’t need a visa to study in Germany if you’re an EU national or a citizen of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway or Switzerland. Otherwise expect to pay around €60 (US$70) for your student visa, but there are also fee reductions or waivers for Schengen visas. In order to fulfill the visa requirements, you will need to show proof that you have, or have access to, around €8,040 per year (US$9,230) or €670 (US$770) per month to cover your living costs.
You will also need health insurance as a pre-condition of registering at a German university. If you’re a resident of a country within the EU or EEA, there should be a social security agreement between your country and Germany. This means that if you have public health insurance, you should be covered in Germany as well (full list here). If your health insurance is not valid in Germany, expect to pay between €80 (US$90) and €160 (US$180) per month to cover this.
The German Academic Exchange Service, otherwise known as the DAAD (Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst), provides support for German and international students to gain funding to live and study in Germany for free or at a more affordable cost. DAAD scholarships to study in Germany are offered to German and international students of all levels, as well as academics and researchers. To find relevant scholarships to study in Germany, you can search based on keywords, study level, country of origin and subject.
Another useful resource comes from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research or BMBF (Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung), which hosts a site dedicated to providing information on scholarships to study in Germany.
3、準(zhǔn)備好留學(xué)需要的錢
為了滿足德國學(xué)生簽證的要求，你需要證明你有或者有機(jī)會有大約7908歐元(8722美元)每年，或者659歐元 (727美元)每個(gè)月的錢，用于支付你在德國留學(xué)期間的生活費(fèi)用，但是你可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)你需要比這更多的錢，具體的生活費(fèi)用要根據(jù)你的生活方式和消費(fèi)習(xí)慣(平均學(xué)生花費(fèi)為800歐元/877美元每月)。生活費(fèi)用因你的留學(xué)地點(diǎn)而異，根據(jù)美世生活成本調(diào)查顯示，慕尼黑是目前德國最昂貴的城市，隨后的是法蘭克福和柏林。
如果你關(guān)心的留學(xué)的費(fèi)用是多少，有獎學(xué)金可以支持在德國留學(xué)的不同等級的學(xué)生，包括本科生等級，而且學(xué)費(fèi)本身就是免費(fèi)的。
雖然很多學(xué)生都能夠免費(fèi)在德國留學(xué)，但是德國留學(xué)期間的生活費(fèi)也是不可避免的。在德國有些區(qū)域的生活成本要比另外的區(qū)域更高，比如在慕尼黑等大城市還有德國西部的城市就更昂貴，生活費(fèi)為350歐元到1000歐元每月(約合482美元到1,377美元) 。房子租金會成為你每個(gè)月最大的一筆開支，但是如果你跟別人一起合租的話，租金會要便宜一些，平均租金為298歐元(約合340美元)每個(gè)月，或者你還可以選擇住在學(xué)生宿舍，費(fèi)用也會更便宜，只需要240歐元(約合275美元)每個(gè)月。
根據(jù)德意志學(xué)術(shù)交流中心(DAAD)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，其他每個(gè)月的平均費(fèi)用還有以下幾個(gè)方面：165歐元(約合190美元) 的餐食費(fèi)用，52歐元(約合60美元)的衣服購買費(fèi)用，82歐元(約合95美元)的交通費(fèi)用，33歐元(約合38美元)的電話、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和電視許可證費(fèi)用，30 歐元(約合35美元) 的工作學(xué)習(xí)材料費(fèi)用，以及68歐元(約合80美元)的休閑活動開支。
如果你是來自歐盟國家或者冰島、列支敦士登、挪威或者瑞士這些國家的公民，那么你不需要留學(xué)簽證就可以來德國留學(xué)。否則你就需要花費(fèi)大約60歐元(約合70美金)的費(fèi)用來申請你的留學(xué)簽證，但是申根簽證也可以享受費(fèi)用降低或者免除的福利。為了滿足德國留學(xué)簽證申請的要求，你需要證明你自己擁有或者有權(quán)接觸，大約8,040歐元(約合9,230美元) 每年或者670歐元(約合770美元)每個(gè)月的金額，用于支付你在德國留學(xué)期間的生活費(fèi)用。
如果你想要在德國大學(xué)注冊，你還需要購買健康保險(xiǎn)，這是在德國大學(xué)注冊的前提條件。如果你是一個(gè)來自歐盟或者歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)國家的居民，那么你的國家和德國之間應(yīng)該有社會保障協(xié)議。這就意味著，如果你已經(jīng)購買了公共醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)，那么你在德國留學(xué)期間也可以同樣享受這個(gè)保險(xiǎn)。如果你不確定你是否能夠享受，請?jiān)趤淼聡魧W(xué)之前就資訊清楚。如果你的健康保險(xiǎn)在德國是無效的，那么你每個(gè)月需要支付大約80歐元(約合90美元) 到160歐元 (約合180美元)的健康保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)。
德意志學(xué)術(shù)交流中心，也被稱為DAAD，為德國本國學(xué)生以及國際留學(xué)生提供了支持，讓這些學(xué)生能夠獲得資金補(bǔ)助，能夠免費(fèi)或者以更能夠負(fù)擔(dān)得起的費(fèi)用在德國學(xué)習(xí)和生活。德意志學(xué)術(shù)交流中心的德國留學(xué)獎學(xué)金是為所有等級的德國本國學(xué)生和國際留學(xué)生提供的，學(xué)者和研究人員也可以享受。如果你想了解德國留學(xué)相關(guān)的獎學(xué)金，你可以根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞、你的學(xué)習(xí)等級、原籍國以及專業(yè)等分類條件來進(jìn)行搜索。
德國聯(lián)邦教育和科研部(BMBF)也是你了解德國留學(xué)獎學(xué)金的另一個(gè)非常有用的資源，BMBF建立了一個(gè)網(wǎng)站，提供各種去德國留學(xué)獎學(xué)金的信息，你也可以搜索了解。
4. Apply!
There are a total of 42 German universities featured in the latest edition of theQS World University Rankings?, meaning that you have a great selection of world-leading universities to choose from. If you want to study in a world-renowned student city, you might consider Munich or Berlin, both ranked among the world’s top 20 cities for students in the QS Best Student Cities index. But there are lots of regions of Germany with lots to offer students, including North Rhine-Westphalia (home of cities such as Dusseldorf and Cologne), Baden-Wurttemberg (home of Stuttgart), Bavaria (home of Munich), Hesse (home of Frankfurt am Main), Lower Saxony (home of Hannover), Saxony (home of Dresden) and Hamburg (a state which is also a city).
For most subjects, you can apply directly to the international office of the university. Alternatively, you can use the website www.uni-assist.de, a centralized admissions portal for international students, run by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), although not all universities use this. You may wish to apply for numerous courses and universities separately to increase your chances of being admitted.
At many German universities it’s possible to apply for admission twice a year – to commence studies either in the winter or summer semester. The summer semester runs from March to August at Fachhochschulen (Universities of Applied Sciences) and April to September at universities; the winter semester is from September to February and October to March respectively.
In general, applications for winter enrolments need to be made by 15 July, and applications for summer enrolments by 15 January. However, application deadlines vary between institutions, and the same institution may set different deadlines for each program – be sure to carefully check the specific dates for your chosen course.
It’s recommended to submit applications at least six weeks before the deadline, to ensure time for corrections or additions if any information is missing. You should expect to receive a formal acceptance or rejection approximately one to two months after the deadline has passed.
The specific documents required and application process will be set by each institution, but you’ll typically be asked to submit:
-A certified copy of your high-school diploma or previous degrees, and any other relevant qualifications in the original language
-A translated overview of your course modules and grades
-A passport photo
-A copy of your passport (personal information and photo ID page)
-Proof of language proficiency (a test certificate or online equivalent)
To ensure the best chances of acceptance, take care to provide all the documentation requested, make sure all your documentation is certified (copies of documents also need to be certified by the awarding school), and check that you’ve filled out all your information correctly before submitting your application. An application fee may be charged.
For some subjects, there is a nationwide cap on the number of students who can enroll. For these subjects (mostly life sciences), students from the EU (plus Norway, Iceland or Liechtenstein) need to apply through the Foundation of Higher Education Admission. Students from outside the EU should apply as normal.
4、向大學(xué)提交申請
在QS世界大學(xué)排名中，德國共有42所大學(xué)入榜，這就意味著你有許多世界一流的大學(xué)可以選擇。如果你想在世界知名的留學(xué)城市學(xué)習(xí)，你可以考慮慕尼黑或柏林，兩個(gè)城市都在QS最佳留學(xué)城市排名的全球前20位中。但是在德國還有許多地區(qū)可供選擇，包括北萊茵-威斯特伐利亞州(這里有杜塞爾多夫、科隆等城市)，巴登-符騰堡州(這里有斯圖加特)，巴伐利亞州(這里有慕尼黑)，黑森州(這里有法蘭克福)，薩克森州(這里有漢諾威)，薩克森州(這里有德累斯頓)，以及漢堡(漢堡同時(shí)也是城市)。
對于大多數(shù)專業(yè)，你可以直接向大學(xué)的國際辦公室遞交申請。另外，你也可以使用網(wǎng)站www.uni-assist.de，這是一個(gè)國際學(xué)生集中招生門戶，是由德國學(xué)術(shù)交流協(xié)會(DAAD)運(yùn)營的，但是并不是所有的大學(xué)都會使用這個(gè)網(wǎng)站。你可能希望分別申請?jiān)S多課程和大學(xué)，以此來增加你被錄取的機(jī)會。
在許多德國大學(xué)，每年可能都有兩次申請入學(xué)的機(jī)會——要么在冬季學(xué)期要么在夏季學(xué)期入學(xué)。Fachhochschulen(應(yīng)用科技大學(xué))的夏季學(xué)期為3月到8月，冬季學(xué)期分別為9月到2月以及10月到3月。
一般情況下，如果你想申請冬季學(xué)期入學(xué)，你需要在7月15日之前申請，如果你想申請夏季入學(xué)，你需要在1月15日之前申請。但是，不同的大學(xué)可能有不同的申請截止日期，并且同一所大學(xué)可能會為不同的課程設(shè)置不同的申請截止日期——請一定要仔細(xì)檢查你選擇的課程的具體申請截止日期。
建議大家在申請截止日期之前至少六個(gè)星期提交申請，以留足時(shí)間讓你更正任何資料，或者增加任何遺漏的信息。在申請截止日期之后的大約1-2個(gè)月內(nèi)，你會收到申請答復(fù)，不管是正式錄取還是被拒。
所需的具體文件和申請流程將由每所大學(xué)自行設(shè)定，但是通常會要求你提交以下資料：
-你的高中文憑或者以前的學(xué)位證書副本，以及以原始語言出具的任何其他相關(guān)的學(xué)歷資格
-你的課程模塊和成績的翻譯概覽
-護(hù)照照片
-你的護(hù)照復(fù)印件 (個(gè)人信息頁和照片ID頁)
-語言能力證明(測試證書或者相等的在線成績證明)
為了確保你有更大的機(jī)會被錄取，請務(wù)必提供大學(xué)要求的所有文件，并且所有的文件都是經(jīng)過認(rèn)證的(文件的復(fù)印件也需要由授予的學(xué)校證明)，并在提交申請前確保你已經(jīng)填寫了你的所有正確信息。大學(xué)可能還會要收取申請費(fèi)。
對于有一些專業(yè)，有一個(gè)全國性的學(xué)生入學(xué)人數(shù)限制。對于這些專業(yè)(主要是生命科學(xué)類專業(yè))，來自歐盟(再加上挪威、冰島或列支敦士登)的學(xué)生需要通過高等教育入學(xué)基金會申請。來自歐盟以外國家的學(xué)生正常申請。
5. Take out health insurance
Before you leave your home country you should ensure you’ve purchased health insurance to cover you during your stay in Germany. This is required both before you enroll and before you get a student visa and/or residence permit. If you’re a resident of a country within the EU or EEA, there should be a social security agreement in place between your country and Germany. This means that if you have public health insurance in your home country, you should be covered in Germany as well (full list here). You will generally need to get a European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) to take advantage of this (free to obtain).
If your health insurance is not valid in Germany, expect to pay between €80 (US$88) and €160 (US$176) per month to cover this. The cost is higher if you’re over 30, and if you’re over 29 when starting your course you can only obtain private insurance.
5、獲得健康保險(xiǎn)
在你離開你的祖國之前，你應(yīng)該確保你已經(jīng)購買了健康保險(xiǎn)，保險(xiǎn)的有效期需要覆蓋你在德國留學(xué)的時(shí)間。在你注冊入學(xué)之前，以及在你獲得德國留學(xué)簽證和/或居留許可之前，獲得健康保險(xiǎn)是必須的。如果你是來自歐盟或歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)國家的居民，在你的國家和德國之間應(yīng)該有一個(gè)社會保障協(xié)議。這意味著，如果你有公共健康保險(xiǎn)在你的祖國, 你應(yīng)該覆蓋在德國以及 (完整的名單在這里)。你通常需要得到一個(gè)歐洲健康保險(xiǎn)卡 (ehic) 利用這一點(diǎn) (免費(fèi)獲得)。
如果你的健康保險(xiǎn)在德國無效，預(yù)計(jì)你需要每月支付80歐元(88美元) 到160歐元(176美元)，以支付此費(fèi)用。如果你超過30歲那么這筆花費(fèi)還會更高，如果你在29歲之后才開始你的課程，那么你只能參加私人保險(xiǎn)。
6. Get a German student visa
The requirements for obtaining a student visa for Germany depend on your country of origin. You can find an overview of the countries for which a student visa is or isn’t required on the Foreign Federal Office’s website.
If you have gained admission to study at a university in Germany, you will need to find out whether you need to apply for a German student visa. Many students do not need a student visa to study in Germany, but just need a residence permit. If you do need a visa, be sure to apply as early as possible, as the process may take a few months.
Applicants within the European Union (including Norway, Switzerland, Iceland and Liechtenstein):
If you are applying to study in Germany from within the EU (including Norway, Switzerland, Iceland and Liechtenstein) you do not need to obtain a German student visa before entering the country.
Applicants from the US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Israel, Japan, South Korea:
If you are from any of these countries you do not need a visa to study in Germany. However, you will need to register at the local Residents’ Registration Office and the Aliens’ Registration Office (Ausl?nderamt) to obtain a residence permit (Aufenthaltserlaubnis) within two weeks of arrival in the country.
Applicants from Andorra, Brazil, El Salvador, Honduras, Monaco, San Marino or Taiwan:
If you are from any of these countries, you will only need a German student visa if you plan to work before or after your degree. In this case you should apply for the visa in your home country via your local German embassy or consulate. Both visa holders and non-visa holders will also need to apply for a residence permit within two weeks of entry. Students from Taiwan must have a passport which includes an identity card number.
Applicants from the rest of the world:
If you are from any other country not listed above, you will require a student visa for Germany. You should apply for this via the local German embassy or consulate in your home country. The typical fee for a visa is €60 (~US$65).
If you need a student visa for Germany, you should apply as soon as possible, and at least three months before your move to the country. To do this you’ll need to contact the local German embassy or consulate in your home country.
The documents you typically need are:
-Completed application form
-Valid passport
-Two photographs
-Letter showing you’ve been accepted by a German university
-Transcript of academic record
-Certificate of German language proficiency or proof that you intend on attending a language course in Germany (if studying in German)
-Proof that you have sufficient funds to support yourself while living in Germany (€8,000 per year, which is ~US$8,670)
-Certificate showing you’ve purchased health insurance
Declaration of authenticity of documents submitted
Dependent on the embassy, you may also need to show proof that you don’t have a criminal record. One of the ways in which you can prove you have sufficient funds to study in Germany is by depositing a security payment into a blocked account – this means you cannot withdraw the money until after you arrive in Germany.
If you are planning to study in Germany for more than 90 days you should apply for a National Visa for the purpose of study rather than a Schengen Visa, which will only allow you to stay in Germany for three months.
As well as your student visa, you will also need to apply for a residence permit on arrival.
6、獲得德國留學(xué)簽證
獲得德國留學(xué)簽證的要求取決于你的原籍國。你可以在國外聯(lián)邦事務(wù)部的網(wǎng)站上找到你所在的國家是否需要辦理德國學(xué)生簽證。
如果你已經(jīng)獲得了德國大學(xué)的入學(xué)許可，那么你接下來需要了解清楚你是否需要申請德國留學(xué)簽證。許多學(xué)生不需要學(xué)生簽證，只需要居留證就可以在德國留學(xué)。如果你需要申請留學(xué)簽證的話，請盡早開始申請，因?yàn)樯暾埡炞C可能需要幾個(gè)月的時(shí)間。
來自歐盟國家的申請人(包括挪威，瑞士，冰島和列支敦士登) ：
如果你是歐盟國家(包括挪威，瑞士，冰島和列支敦士登)的申請人，在你入境德國之前你不需要獲得德國學(xué)生簽證。
來自美國、加拿大、澳大利亞、新西蘭、以色列、日本、韓國的申請人：
如果你是來自這些國家的申請人，你也不需要簽證就可以在德國留學(xué)。但是，你需要在入境德國之后的兩周內(nèi)到當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦怯涋k公室和外國人登記辦公室去登記，獲得居留許可(Aufenthaltserlaubnis)。
來自安道爾、巴西、薩爾瓦多、洪都拉斯、摩納哥、圣馬力諾或臺灣的申請人：
如果你來自這些國家，并打算在你獲得學(xué)位之前或之后在德國工作，你只需要辦理德國學(xué)生簽證。在這種情況下，你應(yīng)該通過你本國的德國大使館或領(lǐng)事館申請簽證。簽證持有者和非簽證持有者都需要在入境兩個(gè)星期內(nèi)申請居住許可。來自臺灣的留學(xué)生必須持有護(hù)照，護(hù)照需包含身份證號碼。
來自世界其他國家和地區(qū)的申請人：
如果你來自未在以上列出的其他國家，你將需要申請德國學(xué)生簽證。你需要通過你本國的德國大使館或領(lǐng)事館進(jìn)行簽證申請。一般留學(xué)簽證的費(fèi)用是60歐元(約為65美元)。
如果你需要取得德國學(xué)生簽證，應(yīng)該盡快申請，至少在你出發(fā)去德國的三個(gè)月前開始申請。想要申請德國留學(xué)簽證，你需要聯(lián)系你本國的德國大使館或領(lǐng)事館。
一般來說，你需要提交以下材料：
-填寫好的申請表格
-仍在有效期的護(hù)照
-兩張照片
-你已被德國大學(xué)錄取的證明信
-成績單
-德語語言能力證明，或者你參加過德語培訓(xùn)課程的證明(如果你將去德國參加德語授課的課程)
-證明你有足夠的資金用于負(fù)擔(dān)你在德國留學(xué)期間的生活費(fèi)(8,000歐元每年，大約為8,670美元每年)
-購買健康保險(xiǎn)的證明
-提交文件真實(shí)性的聲明
有的大使館可能還會要求你提交無犯罪記錄的證明。證明你有足夠資金去德國留學(xué)的途徑之一就是將錢存入一個(gè)凍結(jié)帳戶，這意味著你在抵達(dá)德國之前都不能取出這筆錢。
如果你計(jì)劃在德國學(xué)習(xí)超過90天，那你申請來德國的目的是學(xué)習(xí)的國家簽證，而不是申根簽證，申根簽證只允許你在德國待三個(gè)月。
除了學(xué)生簽證，你還需要在入境德國后申請居留證。
7. Find accommodation
Once you’ve gained a place on a course and your student visa (if applicable), it’s advisable to start looking for accommodation, as unfortunately most German universities do not offer accommodation to enrolling students. Rent is likely to be your biggest monthly expense, and this will vary depending on which part of the country you live in. In big cities within Western Germany (i.e. Dusseldorf, Cologne etc.) and smaller, student-oriented cities such as Heidelberg and Freiburg, you should expect to pay slightly more than if you were living in eastern Germany (i.e. Berlin).
When looking for accommodation in Germany, you should consider student residences, shared accommodation or an apartment. An unshared apartment is the most expensive choice, and this will generally cost in the region of €350-400 (US$386-441) a month. Shared accommodation is the most popular form of accommodation and would be cheaper at around €280 (US$309) a month, while student residences are cheaper yet again at around €240 (US$265) a month.
If you struggle to find suitable accommodation there are many temporary options available, such as hostels.
Once you’ve found a place to live, you need to register at the ‘residents’ registration office’ (Einwohnermeldeamt) or the ‘citizens’ bureau’ (Bürgeramt).
7、尋找住宿
一旦你已經(jīng)獲得了課程錄取名額以及你的學(xué)生簽證 (如果適用的話) ，那么建議你最好開始尋找住宿。不幸的是，大多數(shù)德國大學(xué)無法為其注冊的學(xué)生提供住宿。這就意味著，你需要自己找到住宿的地方。因?yàn)榈聡拇髮W(xué)不收取學(xué)費(fèi)，那么房租很可能是你每個(gè)月的最大開銷，當(dāng)然這也將取決于你住在德國的哪個(gè)位置。如果你住在西部德國的大城市，如杜塞爾多夫、科隆等，以及以學(xué)生為主體的小一點(diǎn)的城市，如海德堡大學(xué)和弗賴堡，那么你應(yīng)該做好心理準(zhǔn)備你需要比住在德國東部(如柏林)支付略多的費(fèi)用。
當(dāng)尋找德國留學(xué)期間的住宿時(shí)，你應(yīng)該考慮學(xué)生宿舍、合租宿舍或公寓。單獨(dú)租住公寓的費(fèi)用是非常高的，通常每月需要花費(fèi)350-400歐元(386-441美元)。合租宿舍是最受歡迎的住宿形式，因?yàn)檫@樣會更便宜一點(diǎn)，每月大約為280歐元(309美元)，而學(xué)生宿舍又更便宜一些，每月約為240歐元(265美元)。
如果你在沒有找到合適的住宿地方，有一些臨時(shí)的住宿選擇，例如旅館之類的。
一旦你找到了居住的地方，你需要在“注冊辦公室(Einwohnermeldeamt/Bürgeramt)”注冊為居民身份或者公民身份。
8. Enroll
Enrolment turns applicants into students – you must enroll before you can start your course and use university facilities such as the library. You’ll also need to re-register before the start of every semester. This usually costs between €150 and €250 (US$165-275), depending on the university. There may be an additional charge of around €100 (US$110) for a “Semesterticket”, which covers public transport expenses for six months.
Depending on the university, you may need to enroll in person or simply email or post the necessary documents before a certain deadline – if in doubt, check with the university for details of the enrollment process.
The usual documents you need for enrollment are:
Your passport with visa or residence permit
-A passport photo
-Completed registration form
-Proof of higher education entrance qualification, either original certificates or officially certified copies and translations
-Notice of admission
-Evidence of adequate knowledge of German (or English)
-Evidence of statutory health insurance in Germany
-Payment receipt for the semester fee
Once enrolled, you will receive a registration certificate which allows you to apply for your residence permit and register for classes.
8、注冊入學(xué)
入學(xué)是將申請人變成學(xué)生——你必須先注冊，然后才能開始你的課程以及使用大學(xué)的設(shè)施，例如圖書館。你還需要在每個(gè)學(xué)期開始前重新注冊。通常的注冊費(fèi)用為150歐元到250歐元之間 (165-275美元) ，具體費(fèi)用取決于大學(xué)。可能還需要大約100歐元(110美元)的費(fèi)用用于學(xué)期優(yōu)惠乘車票(Semesterticket)，這個(gè)乘車票包括六個(gè)月的公共交通費(fèi)用。
根據(jù)不同大學(xué)的要求，你可能需要本人親自去學(xué)校注冊，或者在某個(gè)截止日期之前發(fā)送電子郵件或者郵寄所需的文件進(jìn)行注冊——如果你有任何疑問，請與校方聯(lián)系從而了解招生過程的細(xì)節(jié)。
入學(xué)通常需要提交的文件是：
-護(hù)照照片
-填寫完成的注冊表
-高等教育入學(xué)資格證明，可以是原始證書或者是經(jīng)正式認(rèn)證的副本和翻譯件
-錄取通知書
-德語(或者英語)語言能力證明
-德國強(qiáng)制健康保險(xiǎn)證明
-學(xué)期費(fèi)支付憑證
一旦你已經(jīng)注冊完成，你會獲得注冊證明，你可以用于申請你的居住許可和課程注冊。
9. Settle in to student life in Germany
Congratulations, you should now be (mostly) all set to begin your studies in Germany! Don’t forget to pack all theessentials, as well as arranging a few more important affairs:
-If you haven’t already, once you’ve found accommodation you must register with the local registration office of your city (Einwohnermeldeamt or Bürgeramt). Once registered, you’ll receive a document confirming your registration at that address, which you can then use for the next step…
-Get a student bank account. Most banks offer these for free, and it will make managing your regular payments (such as accommodation) much easier. You should open this account as soon as possible and ensure you have enough money in the meantime.
-If you’d like to find a part-time job while you study, you can do so if you are a full-time EU or EEA student (excluding students from Bulgaria and Romania), with no restrictions on where or when you can work. If you are a full-time student from outside of the EU (or from Romania and Bulgaria), you will be limited to working up to 90 days full time or 180 days part-time per year before you must apply for a work permit. Upon gaining paid work in Germany you should contact the German employment office to learn about the legal conditions.
-Make sure your studies are organized. Students need to put together a timetable themselves – your Kommentierte Vorlesungsverzeichnis (KVV), or Annotated Course Catalogue, course schedule and examination regulations should help you with this, or you may be able to compile it online. You may well also need to decide on what course modules you’d like to attend.
If you’re worried or unsure about anything, ask for help from the advisory service offered by the student committee (Fachschaft) or your university’s international office.
Student life in Germany thrives on adrenaline and curiosity. German people are friendly but give you privacy; mutual respect and order are part of the daily routine; and cultural diversity is worth exploring in every inch of the country, as it makes you feel part of one entity rather than a total stranger.
Outdoor activities are pretty popular in Germany, including sports, hiking, cycling, skiing and more – so students who consider themselves athletic are going to fit in just fine. As most international students choose to live in metropolises, they’ll find lots of activities to fill their spare time; hanging out in bars, clubbing, theater and cinema are all part of student life in Germany. Most of the great German cities are artsy and have a vivid underground music scene, full of hipster fashion, books and ideals which all make for an enlightening and interesting experience.
If you get tired of the frenzy, you’ll find that Germans are for the most part more private people, who prefer smaller gatherings behind closed doors, enjoying their food and beverages in a more intimate atmosphere. Once you have a chance to join local friendship groups, you will start learning about “real” life in Germany.
Germans are by all means green. Parks and green spaces are part of every neighborhood and remain the ideal space to calm the mind. Travelling in and out of the country promises surreal landscapes, great architecture and loads of historical data to be revealed.
Another true advantage to life in Germany is the excellent public transport, which is efficient, safe and fast. As an additional perk of studying in Germany, you get a travel card for free by paying enrollment and administrative taxes that are ridiculously low.
9、開始你在德國的留學(xué)生活吧
恭喜你，你現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該已經(jīng)開始(或者即將開始) 你在德國的留學(xué)生活了吧!別忘了打包好所有需要的東西，以及安排一些更重要的事情：
-如果你還沒有開始你的留學(xué)生活，一旦你找到了住處，你必須在你所在城市的當(dāng)?shù)刈赞k公室 (Einwohnermeldeamt 或 Bürgeramt)注冊。一旦你完成注冊之后，你將收到一份文件，確認(rèn)你在該地址的注冊，然后你可以使用這個(gè)文件做另外的用途。
-獲取學(xué)生銀行帳戶。大多數(shù)銀行免費(fèi)提供這些服務(wù)，這也將使你的日常支付(例如住宿) 更容易管理。你應(yīng)該盡快去銀行開通賬戶，同時(shí)確保你有足夠的錢。
-如果你想在留學(xué)期間找到一份兼職工作，你可以這樣做：
如果你是一名來自歐盟或歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)的全日制學(xué)生(不包括來自保加利亞和羅馬尼亞的學(xué)生)，對于你何時(shí)何地工作都沒有任何限制。如果你是一個(gè)來自歐盟之外國家的全日制學(xué)生(或者來自羅馬尼亞和保加利亞)，你必須先申請工作許可證，并且最多只能每年工作90天全職以及180天兼職。當(dāng)你在德國找到有薪工作后，你應(yīng)該聯(lián)系德國就業(yè)辦公室了解有關(guān)的法律規(guī)定。
-確保你的學(xué)習(xí)課程已經(jīng)安排好的。學(xué)生需要自己制定自己的課程表——也就是你的Kommentierte Vorlesungsverzeichnis (KVV)， 或者附加說明的課程目錄，課程安排和考試規(guī)定應(yīng)該能夠幫助你，或者你可以在網(wǎng)上完成你的課程表。你還需要決定你想要參加什么樣的課程模塊。
如果你擔(dān)心或者不確定任何事情，請向?qū)W生委員會(Fachschaft)提供的咨詢服務(wù)處或者你大學(xué)的國際辦公室尋求幫助。
在德國的學(xué)生生活靠你的腎上腺素(這能夠讓你心跳加速、精力充沛、行動迅速)和好奇心。德國人很友好，同時(shí)也會給你隱私，相互尊重和遵守秩序就是日常生活和工作的一部分。德國多樣的文化值得你去探索這個(gè)國家的每一寸，這能讓你感覺到你是在這個(gè)整體中的一部分，而不是一個(gè)完全的陌生人。
戶外活動在德國很流行，包括各種運(yùn)動、徒步旅行、騎自行車、滑雪和更多其他的活動，所以如果你認(rèn)為自己是運(yùn)動型的，那么這就非常適合你了。大多數(shù)的國際留學(xué)生都會選擇住在大城市，他們會發(fā)現(xiàn)很多的活動都可以用來消耗他們的課余時(shí)間，逛酒吧、夜總會、劇院和電影院都是德國學(xué)生生活的一部分。德國大多數(shù)城市都有藝術(shù)家的氣息，有生動的地下音樂，到處都是時(shí)髦的時(shí)裝、書籍，以及極具啟發(fā)性和有趣的想法。
如果你厭倦了瘋狂，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)德國人更多的時(shí)候是比較私人的，他們喜歡關(guān)起門來的小型聚會，在更親密氛圍中享受他們的食物和飲料。一旦你有機(jī)會進(jìn)入到當(dāng)?shù)厝说呐笥讶?，你將會了解到德國“真正的”生活?BR> 德國人都想盡辦法做到綠色環(huán)保。公園和綠地是每個(gè)社區(qū)的一部分，是保持你冷靜頭腦的空間。你可以看看德國超現(xiàn)實(shí)的風(fēng)景，偉大的建筑，以及厚重的歷史。
在德國的生活的另一個(gè)真正優(yōu)勢在于非常棒的公共交通，德國的公共交通是真正的高效、安全、快捷。在德國留學(xué)的額外福利就是，你在支付學(xué)校注冊和管理稅之后，會獲得一張免費(fèi)的交通卡，而你用這張卡搭乘德國公共交通所需的費(fèi)用更是你想不到的低。
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