日本大學(xué)不僅開設(shè)日語(yǔ)課程，也開設(shè)英語(yǔ)學(xué)位課程。英語(yǔ)課程主要針對(duì)國(guó)際學(xué)生。但畢竟是在日本，說日語(yǔ)的時(shí)候還是居多。因此上英語(yǔ)課程的國(guó)際學(xué)生一般也需要學(xué)點(diǎn)日語(yǔ)。這就涉及到日本大學(xué)中的語(yǔ)言培訓(xùn)課程。那么，這類課程情況怎樣呢?歡迎和出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng)一起了解。
LANGUAGE TRAINING
語(yǔ)言培訓(xùn)
One of the most notable features of the English program is that it offers an undergraduate education in Japan which is conducted in the English language. However, while our English degree programs use English as an instructional language, the world outside of the classroom is, of course, Japanese. In other words, there are only a limited number of situations in which students will be able get by using only English. In order for students to maintain a healthy and enjoyable life while studying and living in Japan, a degree of proficiency in the Japanese language is imperative. It is the primary goal of the English program Japanese and Japanese Issues Course to help students develop their abilities with the Japanese language, as well as gain an understanding of issues which have bearing on life, study and work here in Japan.
英語(yǔ)項(xiàng)目的一個(gè)最顯著的特征就是，它在日本提供教學(xué)語(yǔ)言為英語(yǔ)的本科教育。然而，雖然筑波大學(xué)的英語(yǔ)學(xué)位項(xiàng)目教學(xué)語(yǔ)言為英語(yǔ)，課堂以外的語(yǔ)言仍然是日語(yǔ)。也就是說，只說英語(yǔ)的場(chǎng)合是比較有限的。為了讓國(guó)際學(xué)生在日本保持健康愉快的學(xué)習(xí)生活，學(xué)校要求學(xué)生掌握一定日語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)項(xiàng)目中的日語(yǔ)和日語(yǔ)話題課程的首要目標(biāo)，便是幫助學(xué)生培養(yǎng)日語(yǔ)能力，獲得對(duì)在日本生活、學(xué)習(xí)和工作相關(guān)問題的認(rèn)識(shí)。
In regard to learning the Japanese language, we are concerned with helping students work towards developing proficiency in using Japanese in real-life situations. The notion of real-life situations includes the following 3 areas. The first is ‘survival’, such as asking for directions or getting help in a store, etc. It is usually possible for students to develop these kinds of language skills within their first 3 months to 1 year in Japan. The second is everyday interpersonal interaction, such as chatting with friends, participating in extra-curricular activities, etc. This area roughly corresponds to what some second language acquisition researchers refer to as BICS (Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills). Research suggests that these language skills usually develop within six months to two years after having arrived in the country where the language is spoken. The third is academic and professional interaction, such as participating in classes offered in Japanese, making research presentations, participating in formal and professional activities in Japan, etc. This area roughly corresponds to what some researchers refer to as CALP (Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency). Research suggests that it may take five to seven years, or longer, for students to reach proficiency in CALP.
關(guān)于日語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)?？紤]通過幫助學(xué)生在真實(shí)場(chǎng)合中使用日語(yǔ)來培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的日語(yǔ)能力。真實(shí)場(chǎng)合這個(gè)概念包括三個(gè)方面。第一個(gè)是“求生”，比如問路，在商店買東西等。一般而言，這方面的日語(yǔ)能力可以在學(xué)生到達(dá)日本的前三個(gè)月里獲得。第二個(gè)方面是日常交際，比如和朋友聊天，參加課外活動(dòng)等。這個(gè)方面與某些二語(yǔ)習(xí)得研究者所說的“基本人際交流技能”大致吻合。研究者指出，這些語(yǔ)言技能可以在學(xué)生達(dá)到目標(biāo)語(yǔ)言國(guó)家的六個(gè)月到兩年時(shí)間內(nèi)獲得。第三個(gè)方面是學(xué)術(shù)和職業(yè)互動(dòng)，比如參與日語(yǔ)課堂，做研究展示，參與日本正式的職業(yè)互動(dòng)等。這個(gè)方面與某些研究者所說的“認(rèn)知學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)言能力”大致吻合。研究者指出，認(rèn)知學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)言能力可能需要五年到七年，甚至更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間才能獲得。
Regardless of whether students enter the program with little or no Japanese language ability, a good command of basic interpersonal interactional skills, or higher levels of language ability, it is the mission of the English program Japanese and Japanese Issues Course to help students progress as far as they can along the path to professional level competence in Japanese, and a substantial understanding of Japanese cultural and social issue which have bearing on their daily lives in Japan.
無論學(xué)生進(jìn)入項(xiàng)目學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候是否具備日語(yǔ)能力，是否掌握良好的基本人際交流技能或者具備高級(jí)日語(yǔ)能力，英語(yǔ)項(xiàng)目中的日語(yǔ)與日語(yǔ)話題課程的任務(wù)都是幫助學(xué)生在通往職業(yè)水平日語(yǔ)的道路上盡可能地取得進(jìn)步，獲得對(duì)日本文化和與日常生活相關(guān)的社會(huì)問題的足夠認(rèn)識(shí)。
Overview of the Structure of the Course
課程結(jié)構(gòu)概況
All English program students at the University of Tsukuba will receive Japanese language training in their first year. 4.5 credits of Japanese are required in first year, totaling 90 hours of in-class Japanese language tuition. However, this is only a very small part of the total picture of learning the Japanese language. In order to gain an actual ability to use Japanese in real-life situations, students will need to put in many additional hours of time outside of the classroom. The classroom should be thought of as a kind of home base from which students will plan and practice in preparation for real language use, and where they will evaluate their progress. Learning another language requires considerable work, but the benefits are commensurate with the effort!
學(xué)習(xí)筑波大學(xué)英語(yǔ)項(xiàng)目的所有學(xué)生，在第一學(xué)年都會(huì)接受到日語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)。第一學(xué)年要求4.5個(gè)日語(yǔ)學(xué)分，總共90個(gè)日語(yǔ)課堂學(xué)時(shí)學(xué)費(fèi)。不過，這只是日語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)總藍(lán)圖中的很小的一個(gè)部分。為了獲得真實(shí)場(chǎng)合中使用日語(yǔ)的能力，學(xué)生課外還需要花足夠的時(shí)間。課堂僅作為學(xué)生真實(shí)語(yǔ)言使用計(jì)劃和操練的本壘，作為學(xué)生評(píng)估語(yǔ)言進(jìn)步的場(chǎng)所。學(xué)習(xí)一門外語(yǔ)需要做大量的功課，而收獲和付出是等同的。
The English program Japanese and Japanese Issues Course offers classes in Japanese as a foreign language, and in Japanese Issues. In regard to the Japanese language classes, at the elementary levels (Japanese 1~4), English is used to give instruction in Japanese grammar, and focus is placed on developing students’ abilities with using daily conversational language (oral, listening, pragmatic, and interactional skills), and reading and writing skills. At the intermediate/advanced levels (Japanese 5~7), the goal is to help students develop higher levels of proficiency in individual skill areas, such as grammar, speaking, listening, reading, kanji, etc. These higher-level classes are taught in Japanese. The Japanese Issues classes are taught using the English language as an instructional medium, and offer foundational knowledge in a broad range of topics on Japanese society, culture, history, etc.
英語(yǔ)項(xiàng)目中的日語(yǔ)和日語(yǔ)話題課程將日語(yǔ)作為外語(yǔ)來學(xué)習(xí)，也探討日語(yǔ)相關(guān)話題。說到日語(yǔ)課程，在基礎(chǔ)階段(日語(yǔ)1至4級(jí))，英語(yǔ)被用作教學(xué)語(yǔ)言，用來解釋日語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法，這時(shí)課程的焦點(diǎn)是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的日常語(yǔ)言交流能力(口語(yǔ)、聽力、語(yǔ)法、互動(dòng)技能)、閱讀和寫作技能。在中間階段(日語(yǔ)5至7級(jí))，課程的目標(biāo)是幫助學(xué)生培養(yǎng)個(gè)人技能方面的中級(jí)日語(yǔ)能力，比如語(yǔ)法、口語(yǔ)、聽力、閱讀、認(rèn)識(shí)日本漢字等。這些中級(jí)課程用日語(yǔ)授課。日語(yǔ)話題課程則用英語(yǔ)授課，為學(xué)生提供日本社會(huì)、文化、歷史等話題相關(guān)的基本知識(shí)。
In addition to their required 4.5 credits of Japanese, English program students are strongly encouraged to continue studying Japanese autonomously at the Center for Education for Global Communication. The CEGLOC at the University of Tsukuba is proud to have one of the best Japanese language training programs in Japan, with numerous experienced faculty members helping students progress in steps towards their Japanese language learning goals. English program students who have ability commensurate with the Japanese 4 level (documentable by sitting for a placement test offered at the beginning of every term) are eligible to take individual language skills classes at the CEGLOC. Classes are offered in grammar, speaking, listening, reading, kanji, etc., and are tailored to a range of skill levels from intermediate-low to Advanced-high/Superior proficiency .
除了要求的4.5個(gè)日語(yǔ)學(xué)分，學(xué)校還積極鼓勵(lì)英語(yǔ)項(xiàng)目學(xué)生在全球教育交流中心繼續(xù)自學(xué)日語(yǔ)。筑波大學(xué)的全球教育交流中心擁有日本最好的日語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目，有眾多經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的教師幫助學(xué)習(xí)在實(shí)現(xiàn)日語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)上取得進(jìn)步。掌握日語(yǔ)四級(jí)(通過參加每學(xué)期開始組織的分級(jí)考試來檢驗(yàn))的英語(yǔ)項(xiàng)目的學(xué)生有資格在全球教育交流中心學(xué)習(xí)單門語(yǔ)言技能課程。課程涉及語(yǔ)法、口語(yǔ)、聽力、閱讀、日本漢字等，適合中下級(jí)到高級(jí)日語(yǔ)水平的各層次的學(xué)生。
An important additional resource for English program students studying the Japanese language and Japanese issues is the Center for Distance Learning of Japanese and Japanese Issues. The University of Tsukuba has been appointed as a Center for Distance Learning of Japanese and Japanese Issues by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. To date, a variety of materials, such as Japanese language textbooks, audio visual language learning materials, web-based Japanese proficiency tests, etc., have been developed at the International Student Center. Based on these experiences and achievements, the Center for Distance Learning of Japanese and Japanese Issues is developing and operating a new bi-directional e-learning system, and related educational materials. This e-learning system supports students’ individually paced studies of the Japanese language and Japanese Issues. Global 30 students should take advantage of these and other online learning resources both before and after coming to Japan.
對(duì)于學(xué)習(xí)日語(yǔ)與日語(yǔ)話題的英語(yǔ)項(xiàng)目學(xué)生，還有一個(gè)重要的學(xué)習(xí)資源，就是日語(yǔ)與日語(yǔ)話題遠(yuǎn)程教育中心。在日本文部科學(xué)省的批準(zhǔn)下，筑波大學(xué)設(shè)置列了該學(xué)習(xí)中心。迄今為止，國(guó)際學(xué)生中心匯集了各種學(xué)習(xí)材料，比如日語(yǔ)教材、語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)視聽材料、網(wǎng)上日語(yǔ)能力測(cè)試等?；谶@些經(jīng)歷和成就，日語(yǔ)與日語(yǔ)話題遠(yuǎn)程教育中心目前在發(fā)展和運(yùn)營(yíng)新的雙向電子學(xué)習(xí)系統(tǒng)，聚集有教育相關(guān)材料。該電子學(xué)系系統(tǒng)為學(xué)生的日語(yǔ)與日語(yǔ)話題學(xué)習(xí)提供基于個(gè)人節(jié)奏的幫助。Global 30的學(xué)生應(yīng)該在來日本之前和來日本之后利用好這些資源以及其他線上學(xué)習(xí)資源。