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2017甘肅普通高等學(xué)校招生英語聽力測(cè)試大綱
根據(jù)《甘肅省普通高等學(xué)校招生考試改革方案(試行)》，結(jié)合我省實(shí)際，2017 年我省普通高校招生考試英語聽力仍在高考之外進(jìn)行，采取全省統(tǒng)一組織的辦法。甘肅省教育科學(xué)研究所為此編寫了《2017年甘肅省普通高等學(xué)校招生英語聽力測(cè)試大綱》，并制定了命題原則、命題程序及方法?！皽y(cè)試大綱”將是2017年我省普通高等學(xué)校招生英語聽力考試命題的依據(jù)。
一、考試性質(zhì)和目的
高考英語聽力測(cè)試是普通高等學(xué)校招生考試的一個(gè)組成部分，測(cè)試著眼于提高學(xué)生語言應(yīng)用能力，尤其是測(cè)試考生理解口頭英語的能力，促進(jìn)英語學(xué)科的教學(xué)改革。
二、考試內(nèi)容和要求
高考英語聽力測(cè)試要求考生能聽懂日常生活中內(nèi)容熟悉、發(fā)音清晰、語速適當(dāng)?shù)暮?jiǎn)短對(duì)話和獨(dú)白。聽力試題的設(shè)置嚴(yán)格按照“繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)語言測(cè)試的交際原則，加大語言交際能力的考查力度”的要求，更加全面地考查學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用語言的能力。
聽力部分提供的語言材料是口語表達(dá)形式的對(duì)話或獨(dú)白，每段對(duì)話和獨(dú)白都涉及到某一特定話題，具有特定的交際情境。
高考英語聽力測(cè)試主要考查考生以下能力：
(1)聽清、聽懂對(duì)話或獨(dú)白內(nèi)容的能力。這就需要掌握基本的語音知識(shí)，特別注意口語中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的連讀、弱化、失去爆破、同化、語調(diào)、重音等。
(2)理解對(duì)話或獨(dú)白，分析、確認(rèn)事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)的能力。有時(shí)聽力材料反映的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，試題中可能會(huì)以不同方式表達(dá)出來，但意義卻是一樣的。
(3)把握整體內(nèi)容，進(jìn)行概括總結(jié)，理解主旨大意的能力。
(4)根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容，或者說話者的語氣、語調(diào)，進(jìn)行推理、判斷的能力。
(5)根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容或背景信息，推測(cè)相關(guān)具體內(nèi)容，如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、場(chǎng)合、身份、態(tài)度、關(guān)系等。
三、考試形式與試卷結(jié)構(gòu)
根據(jù)省上有關(guān)要求，命題采用閉卷的方式，考試時(shí)間為30分鐘，試卷滿分為30分。試卷包括簡(jiǎn)短對(duì)話、對(duì)話、獨(dú)白等題型，共分兩節(jié)。第一節(jié)是五段短對(duì)話(一般為一問一答形式)，每段對(duì)話后設(shè)一個(gè)小題(共5小題，每小題1.5分)，要求考生從每小題所給的三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，每段對(duì)話的錄音材料僅讀一遍。第二節(jié)是五段長(zhǎng)對(duì)話或獨(dú)白，每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后設(shè)幾個(gè)小題(共15小題，每小題1.5分)，要求考生從每小題所給的三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白的錄音材料讀兩遍。對(duì)話部分由一男一女朗讀(一般為英音)，談話雙方的聲音特點(diǎn)明顯不同，身份明確;考生實(shí)際的聽力理解時(shí)間一般控制為20分鐘左右。無論是上述哪一種類型的試題，都將放在真實(shí)的語境中進(jìn)行考查，而不會(huì)把脫離語境的語言材料作為考試內(nèi)容。
測(cè)試安排：聽力測(cè)試正式開考前10分鐘開始分發(fā)試卷、答題卡和試音(兩者同時(shí)進(jìn)行)，等播音中出現(xiàn)“試音到此結(jié)束”時(shí)立即停止播放，不要將磁帶倒回開頭處，待等到聽力考試正式考試信號(hào)時(shí)繼續(xù)播放。此時(shí)英語聽力測(cè)試正式開始，考生根據(jù)測(cè)試內(nèi)容開始按語音提示作答。
答題方式：考生根據(jù)所聽到的對(duì)話或獨(dú)白從每題所給的題目中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置，最終必須涂在答題卡上。
試題難易度由低到高按7：2：1比例命題，即考查基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和基本技能的試題占70%，考查學(xué)生靈活運(yùn)用語言知識(shí)能力、難度稍高的試題占20%，有一定深度的較難試題占10%。
四、命題原則、命題特點(diǎn)及素材特點(diǎn)
1.命題原則
聽力是與外國人直接交往中必不可少的一種語言能力。英語聽力試題是為了考查學(xué)生理解口頭英語的能力。聽的能力反映在聽的過程中，對(duì)說話者所發(fā)出的信息進(jìn)行辨別、判斷和理解?！镀胀ǜ咧杏⒄Z課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》中對(duì)聽力的二級(jí)目標(biāo)要求應(yīng)是我省聽力試題命題的重要參考依據(jù)。它要求考生能聽懂英美人士的錄音材料，能聽懂所學(xué)語言范圍內(nèi)用正常語速談?wù)撊粘Ｉ畹膬?nèi)容，能聽懂沒有生詞、題材熟悉、難度略低于所學(xué)材料的語段，語速為每分鐘120個(gè)詞。聽力二級(jí)目標(biāo)要求考生做到：聽一遍能理解大意，聽二至三遍能了解其中重要的細(xì)節(jié)，理解正確率要求達(dá)到70%。
《普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試英語學(xué)科考試說明》指出，聽力理解是領(lǐng)會(huì)語言語義的一項(xiàng)重要能力，聽者要對(duì)聽到的語音信號(hào)進(jìn)行復(fù)雜加工，整個(gè)過程是一個(gè)非常積極、非常活躍的動(dòng)態(tài)過程，是背景知識(shí)、語境和語言知識(shí)相互撞擊、相互作用，對(duì)聽力材料不斷吸收、最終形成理解的過程。
2017年的甘肅省高考英語聽力測(cè)試將進(jìn)一步在2016年的基礎(chǔ)上，繼續(xù)以檢測(cè)學(xué)生理解和獲取信息的能力為重點(diǎn)，更加注重考查學(xué)生的聽力技能。
2.命題特點(diǎn)
1)強(qiáng)調(diào)話語的整體理解;
2)強(qiáng)調(diào)口語的真實(shí)性;
3)強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)社會(huì)語言策略的具體把握;
4)強(qiáng)調(diào)情感、情緒因素在口語表述中的重要作用;
5)強(qiáng)調(diào)聽力技能的熟練運(yùn)用;
6)選材盡量貼近學(xué)生、貼近生活、貼近時(shí)代。
具體表現(xiàn)在：
1、大多數(shù)聽力材料來源于英語國家的生活會(huì)話，具有明顯的口語特征，聽起來自然、真實(shí)，符合在非測(cè)試狀態(tài)下英語口語在日常生活中運(yùn)用的真實(shí)情景。
2、題材廣泛，內(nèi)容涉及日常生活、文化教育、風(fēng)土人情、傳說故事、時(shí)事新聞、科普知識(shí)、人物傳記等許多方面，話題明確，主題突出，有利于全面有效地檢測(cè)考生在不同生活實(shí)際環(huán)境下對(duì)所學(xué)語言的接受能力。
3、聽力材料一般由5段1-2個(gè)回合的簡(jiǎn)短對(duì)話和5段3-5個(gè)回合的較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話或獨(dú)白組成，該部分語句結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容層次比前一部分簡(jiǎn)短對(duì)話略顯復(fù)雜。但一般來說，除一些專有名詞外，材料中一般沒有生詞。
4、題干和選項(xiàng)一般比較簡(jiǎn)短，各選項(xiàng)的長(zhǎng)度、難度和結(jié)構(gòu)基本一致。
5、語速自然，相當(dāng)于真實(shí)生活中人們講話的正常語速。
6、聽力材料一般由英籍專家朗讀，但將來也可能會(huì)有美音、甚至澳大利亞和加拿大音，乃至背景音，體現(xiàn)語言的真實(shí)性、交際性和實(shí)用性。
3.素材特點(diǎn)
聽力理解的語言材料有別于閱讀材料，具體表現(xiàn)在：句子短，語言結(jié)構(gòu)不如書面語言那么嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，且多余信息多(諸如you know, listen, well, I mean, you see等)，內(nèi)容多為貼近學(xué)生生活或日常交際生活中的對(duì)話或獨(dú)白，它來源于生活，體現(xiàn)生活，和我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钣忻芮新?lián)系，具有口語特征，諸如猶豫、停頓、重復(fù)、思考、重音、略音、拖長(zhǎng)音、被打斷、語序顛倒等，句子簡(jiǎn)短等。同時(shí)，錄音文字材料的語言難度也略低于閱讀材料，材料中一般不會(huì)出現(xiàn)生詞，但個(gè)別不影響理解的詞匯也有可能出現(xiàn);選項(xiàng)中能用單詞的不用短語，能用短語的不用句子，不用復(fù)雜的句子作選項(xiàng);聽力試題不考查語法知識(shí);問題常以特殊疑問句的形式出現(xiàn)，不以一般疑問句的形式出現(xiàn)。
聽力語言材料的內(nèi)容主要涉及日常生活、文化教育、風(fēng)土人情、時(shí)事和科普常識(shí)等方面。常見的日常生活的話題有：?jiǎn)柡?、邀?qǐng)、看病、約會(huì)、聚餐、購物、通知、問路、打電話、談?wù)撎鞖?、詢問時(shí)間、自然災(zāi)害、新聞報(bào)道等等內(nèi)容。聽力語言材料的長(zhǎng)度適宜，既有足夠的信息量供試題設(shè)計(jì)問題，又不會(huì)給考生增加記憶負(fù)擔(dān)，最長(zhǎng)的一段語言材料只有150個(gè)詞左右(近兩年的試題情況)，最短的對(duì)話也創(chuàng)設(shè)了一個(gè)較明確的語境。
五、命題程序及方法
命題既是一種學(xué)術(shù)水平的體現(xiàn)，也是一門技術(shù)。為了使試題既符合教學(xué)大綱對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容的目標(biāo)要求，又能體現(xiàn)考試評(píng)價(jià)改革的新理念，命題一般要經(jīng)過以下步驟：
1.學(xué)習(xí)教學(xué)大綱(包括教材)及《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》中有關(guān)聽力要求的內(nèi)容，研讀《2017年甘肅省普通高等學(xué)校招生外語聽力測(cè)試大綱》中的有關(guān)規(guī)定。
2.制定“雙向細(xì)目表”。
3.選擇擬出題的各個(gè)分項(xiàng)。在“雙向細(xì)目表”中，利用打“√”等方式選擇在哪些知識(shí)點(diǎn)上命題。所命試題的題型、難度、分值應(yīng)符合《2017年甘肅省普通高等學(xué)校招生外語聽力測(cè)試大綱》中的“一、二、三”尤其是“三、考試方式與試卷結(jié)構(gòu)”的要求。
4.利用前三步擬定好的雙向細(xì)目表開始命題。
5.討論修改。當(dāng)試題命制完畢后，每個(gè)命題人應(yīng)根據(jù)“雙向細(xì)目表”認(rèn)真閱讀自己命制的試題，并做適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整或修改。
6.拼卷。當(dāng)試題修改后，經(jīng)過集體討論就可以拼卷了，討論時(shí)應(yīng)該說明所命試題的出處等。拼卷時(shí)，要注意由易到難排列。拼好試卷后，再認(rèn)真考慮整卷的難度、各考查內(nèi)容的比例、賦分等。最后，根據(jù)整卷分析情況進(jìn)行個(gè)別試題的調(diào)整、修改或重新命制。
7.審題。當(dāng)試卷拼好并進(jìn)行調(diào)整后，即可審題，審題時(shí)，既要審查每道試題的科學(xué)性，還要考慮效度、信度、難度，以及整卷的內(nèi)容比例、難度比例等。
8.根據(jù)審題意見進(jìn)行修改。
在命題過程中要避免試題中出現(xiàn)不規(guī)范性和隨意性，要特別注意其中的第3至第5步驟。
六、題型示例
一、考查簡(jiǎn)短對(duì)話
W：You are thinner than you used to be, aren’t you?
M：I am sure! I’ve lost 25 pounds and I feel great. I’m down to 165 pounds now.
1. How much did the woman weigh before she began to lose weight?
A. 165 pounds.
B. 190 pounds.
C. 140 pounds.
二、考查長(zhǎng)對(duì)話
M：I’m going to the cinema tonight. Would you like to go, Rebecca?
W：What’s on?
M：It’s a Western movie: A Cowboy Comes Home. I read the book about it. It’s really interesting.
W：But there’s Western on TV tonight. Why bother to turn out and pay for a cinema seat.
M：Do you think that’ll be the same movie? What’s more, movies on TV are nearly always old and they were probably made ten years ago. But A Cowboy Comes Home is a new one. And in the cinema there’s a wide screen and the color is better. And a movie can make everything more exciting and vivid.
W：You’re right. But you cannot choose your program, and it’s a waste of money to walk out on the middle if you’re bored. Here at home it’s so easy to turn off the TV, not that I do turn it off very often though.
M：Ah, I now know. That’s just it. You’re drugged by it: you’ve given up your old interests.
2.What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Watching TV or going to the movies.
B. Reading a book or watching TV at home.
C. Staying at home or eating out in the evening.
3. Why does the woman say going to the movies can be a waste of money?
A. You have to pay for the ticket which is much too expensive.
B. You have no choice as to what movie you’d like to see.
C. You may leave the cinema when you do not like the movie.
W：Hilton Hotel.
M：Please give me the desk.
W：Reservations. Can I help you?
M：I’m a teacher of the University of New York, I’m coming to attend an annual conference on American Literature in Hong Kong next month. Could I make a reservation in your hotel?
W：Sure you can. It’s our pleasure to do whatever we can to serve our guests. May I ask how many of you would be traveling together and when you’ll be arriving here?
M：Two of us will arrive on Sep.11th.
W：That would be fine. Uhm, what sort of room do you like to reserve?
M：I would like to book two single rooms with private baths.
W：How long do you plan to stay here?
M：Probably from Sep.11th to 17 th .
W：OK. We can arrange that.
M：By the way, Could you let me know how much you charge?
W：The charge for a single room with bath is 50 dollars a day. On top of that there is a 12 percent service charge. This does not, of course, include lunch or dinner.
M: OK.
W: Then I’ll send you a written confirmation that the reservation has been made. Your name, please?
M: Robert Smith.
W: Your telephone number?
M: 121-3452.
W: 121-3452. Am I right?
M: Yeah.
W: We’ll be happy to look after you during your stay here.
M: Thank you very much.
4. Where is the man from?
A. America.
B. Hong Kong.
C. Europe.
5. When will the man leave the hotel?
A. On Sep.11th.
B. On Sep. 17th.
C. On Sep. 16th.
6. What can you learn from the conversation?
A. The man will have free breakfast or dinner at hotel.
B. The man will stay at hotel for 5 days.
C. The total charge for a single room with bath is 50 dollars a day, including 12 percent service charge.
三、考查獨(dú)白
Now, you want to know about life in the past. Right? I can tell you. When I was a boy, things were different. I had to get up at six every morning. That was not very bad in summer, but in winter it was cold. And we didn’t have any hot water in the house. We had to wash in cold water. We didn’t have a bathroom. My dad had some chickens. I had to feed them every morning and then I had to walk to school with my little sister. It was two miles to school and two miles back in the evening. But it always seemed longer in the morning when we were going to school. There was a bus, but we didn’t have the money. And we had to go to bed at seven o’clock every night. We couldn’t watch TV because there wasn’t any. On Sundays we had to go to church three times --- morning, afternoon and evening. And we couldn’t play outside on Sundays. But it wasn’t all bad. We had some good times. We could go out and our parents didn’t have to worry about us. There weren’t so many cars on the roads then, so the streets were safe to play in. And there were not many robbers and thieves in those days. We had to work hard and we weren’t able to buy all those things in the shops today. Life was hard, but it was simple and people were happier. I don’t think I’d like to be young today.
7. What did the man have to do in the morning ?
A. He fed the chickens.
B. He cleaned the bathroom.
C. He carried water for the family.
8. Why did the man go to school foot ?
A. No bus ran in that direction.
B. The school was near.
C. His family was poor.
9. What did the man do every Sunday ?
A. He was taken to church three times.
B. He stayed at home all day.
C. He played in the street.
10. What can we learn from what the speaker said ?
A. He is a retired teacher of history.
B. He thinks children were happier in the past.
2017甘肅普通高等學(xué)校招生考試英語聽力測(cè)試樣卷及答案(一)
甘肅省2017普通高等學(xué)校招生考試英語聽力測(cè)試樣卷(二)
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