美國留學(xué)STEM專業(yè)的全面解析

字號(hào):

   這幾日,希拉里承諾STEM專業(yè)研究生畢業(yè)將自動(dòng)獲綠卡的消息在廣大美國留學(xué)生圈里炸開了鍋,各種解讀各種分析,真是越刷越燃,那么到底這事靠不靠譜呢?希拉里阿姨的承諾到底能不能兌現(xiàn)呢?相信大家也看明白了,希拉里當(dāng)選+新的移民法案獲得通過是必要前提。
    今天我們不討論這個(gè)還不確定的問題,我們討論一下STEM的問題。
    什么是STEM?
    STEM由科學(xué)(Science)、技術(shù)(Technology)、工程(Engineer)和數(shù)學(xué)(Mathematics)首字母組成,是美國鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生主修科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程及數(shù)學(xué)的一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。在美國國土安全局網(wǎng)站上可以查到一個(gè)長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的屬于STEM計(jì)劃的專業(yè)列表,比如化工、計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)、物理、數(shù)學(xué)、生物科學(xué)和航空航天等理工科。
    STEM有什么好處?
    對(duì)于國際學(xué)生來說,畢業(yè)之后想找工作就要申請(qǐng)OPT(Optional Practical Training),有了OPT才可以在美國合法實(shí)習(xí)、工作,但是OPT都是有一定時(shí)間限制的。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的OPT只有一年時(shí)間,也就是說如果畢業(yè)生一年之內(nèi)無法拿到H1B工作簽證,就必須離開美國了。但是STEM專業(yè)的畢業(yè)生可以申請(qǐng)額外17個(gè)月的OPT延期(據(jù)傳說新政策將延期增加至了24個(gè)月),也就是說他們將擁有總共29個(gè)月的OPT時(shí)間用來找工作并申請(qǐng)H1B工作簽證。因此,選擇STEM項(xiàng)目,對(duì)于國際學(xué)生在美國找工作來說是莫大的優(yōu)勢(shì)!
    商科屬于STEM專業(yè)嗎?
    傳統(tǒng)商科如金融(金融工程除外)、會(huì)計(jì)等顯然不是STEM專業(yè),但是,近年來隨著大數(shù)據(jù)的興起,數(shù)據(jù)分析項(xiàng)目如雨后春筍一般在美國商學(xué)院興起。由于這些項(xiàng)目與數(shù)學(xué)、統(tǒng)計(jì)及信息科學(xué)有大量的交叉,因此十分具備成為STEM專業(yè)的資質(zhì)。另有一些學(xué)校商學(xué)院的信息系統(tǒng)管理(Information Management)項(xiàng)目也紛紛增加了數(shù)據(jù)分析的方向。但是,目前來看,擁有STEM標(biāo)簽的商學(xué)院數(shù)據(jù)分析項(xiàng)目仍然是少數(shù)。
    今年三月份,美國國土安全部發(fā)布了有關(guān)于“STEM專業(yè)OPT延期的最終政策”的文件。這份文件已于3月11日,在聯(lián)邦公報(bào)網(wǎng)站上公示,于2016年5月10日正式生效!而最值得關(guān)注的,則是STEM專業(yè)OPT延期將從原來的17個(gè)月調(diào)整為24個(gè)月!加上原來12月的OPT時(shí)間,STEM專業(yè)的學(xué)生OPT最終總共時(shí)間加起來將為36個(gè)月!
    下面是美國官方認(rèn)定的422個(gè)STEM專業(yè),請(qǐng)大家按字母排列進(jìn)行查詢,一些新被認(rèn)定的項(xiàng)目可能未被列入表中請(qǐng)諒解。
    以下是全部422個(gè)STEM專業(yè)列表(按字母誰序排列)
    Acoustics
    Actuarial Science
    Aeronautical/Aerospace Engineering Technology/TechniCIAn
    Aeronautics/Aviation/Aerospace Science and Technology, General
    Aerospace Ground Equipment Technology
    Aerospace Physiology and Medicine
    Aerospace, Aeronautical and Astronautical/Space Engineering
    Agricultural and Horticultural Plant Breeding
    Agricultural Animal Breeding
    Agricultural Engineering
    AgroEcology and Sustainable Agriculture
    Agronomy and Crop Science
    Air and Space Operational Art and Science
    Air and Space Operations Technology
    Air Science/Airpower Studies
    Aircraft Armament Systems Technology
    Algebra and Number Theory
    Analysis and Functional Analysis
    Analytical Chemistry
    Anatomy
    Animal Behavior and Ethology
    Animal Genetics
    Animal Health
    Animal Nutrition
    Animal Physiology
    Animal Sciences, General
    Animal Sciences, Other
    AniMATion, InterACTive Technology, Video GrAPhics and SpeCIAl Effects
    Applied Mathematics, General
    Applied Mathematics, Other
    Aquatic Biology/Limnology
    Archeology
    Architectural and Building Sciences/Technology
    Architectural Drafting and Architectural CAD/CADD
    Architectural Engineering
    Architectural Engineering Technology/TechniCIAn
    ArtifiCIAl Intelligence
    Astronomy
    Astronomy and Astrophysics, Other
    Astrophysics
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Climatology
    Atmospheric Physics and Dynamics
    Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General
    Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other
    Atomic/Molecular Physics
    AutoMATion Engineer Technology/TechniCIAn
    Automotive Engineering Technology/TechniCIAn[SITESERVER_PAGE]
    Behavioral Sciences
    BioChemical Engineering
    Biochemistry
    Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
    Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Other
    Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering
    BioinforMATics
    Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Other
    Biological and Physical Sciences
    BioLogical/BioSystems Engineering
    Biology TechniCIAn/Biotechnology Laboratory TechniCIAn
    Biology/Biological Sciences, General
    BioMathematics, BioinforMATics, and Computational Biology, Other
    Biomedical Sciences, General
    Biomedical Technology/TechniCIAn
    Biometry/Biometrics
    Biophysics
    BioPsychology
    BioStatistics
    Biotechnology
    Botany/Plant Biology
    Botany/Plant Biology, Other
    Business Statistics
    CAD/CADD Drafting and/or Design Technology/TechniCIAn
    Cardiovascular Science
    Cell Biology and Anatomy
    Cell Physiology
    Cell/Cellular and Molecular Biology
    Cell/Cellular Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Other
    Cell/Cellular Biology and Histology
    Ceramic Sciences and Engineering
    Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
    Chemical Engineering
    Chemical Engineering Technology/TechniCIAn
    Chemical Engineering, Other
    Chemical Physics
    Chemical Process Technology
    Chemical Technology/TechniCIAn
    Chemistry, General
    Chemistry, Other
    Civil Drafting and Civil Engineering CAD/CADD
    Civil Engineering Technology/TechniCIAn
    Civil Engineering, General
    Civil Engineering, Other
    Clinical and Industrial Drug Development
    Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist
    Cognitive Psychology and Psycholinguistics
    Cognitive Science
    Combat Systems Engineering
    Command & Control (C, CI) Systems and Operations
    Comparative Psychology
    Computational and Applied Mathematics
    Computational Biology
    Computational Mathematics
    Computational Science
    Computer and Information Sciences, General
    Computer and Information Sciences, Other
    Computer and InforMATion Systems Security/InforMATion Assurance
    Computer Engineering Technologies/TechniCIAns, Other
    Computer Engineering Technology/TechniCIAn
    Computer Engineering, General
    Computer Engineering, Other
    Computer Graphics
    Computer Hardware Engineering
    Computer Hardware Technology/TechniCIAn
    Computer Programming, Other
    Computer Programming, Specific APplications
    Computer Programming, Vendor/Product Certification
    Computer Programming/Programmer, General
    Computer Science
    Computer Software and Media APplications, Other
    Computer Software Engineering
    Computer Software Technology/TechniCIAn
    Computer Support SpeCIAlist
    Computer Systems Analysis/Analyst
    Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications
    Computer Technology/Computer Systems Technology
    Computer/Information Technology Services Administration and Management, Other
    Condensed Matter and MATerials Physics
    Conservation Biology
    Construction Engineering
    Construction Engineering Technology/TechniCIAn
    Cyber/Computer Forensics and Counterterrorism
    Cyber/Electronic Operations and Warfare
    Cytotechnology/Cytotechnologist
    Dairy Science
    DATa Modeling/Warehousing and DATabase Administration
    DATa Processing and DATa Processing Technology/TechniCIAn
    Developmental and Child Psychology
    Developmental Biology and Embryology
    Digital Communication and Media/Multimedia
    Directed Energy Systems
    Drafting and Design Technology/TechniCIAn, General
    Drafting/Design Engineering Technologies/TechniCIAns, Other
    Ecology
    Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
    Ecology, Evolution, SysteMATics and Population Biology, Other
    Econometrics and Quantitative Economics
    Educational Evaluation and Research
    Educational Statistics and Research Methods
    Educational/Instructional Technology
    Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologies/TechniCIAns, Other
    Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/TechniCIAn
    Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering, Other
    Electrical/Electronics Drafting and Electrical/Electronics CAD/CADD
    Electromechanical and Instrumentation and Maintenance Technologies/TechniCIAns, Other
    Electromechanical Engineering
    Electromechanical Technology/Electromechanical Engineering Technology
    Elementary Particle Physics
    Endocrinology
    Energy Management and Systems Technology/TechniCIAn
    Engineering Acoustics
    Engineering Chemistry
    Engineering Design
    Engineering Mechanics
    Engineering Physics/Applied Physics
    Engineering Science
    Engineering Technologies and Engineering-Related Fields, Other
    Engineering Technology, General
    Engineering, General
    Engineering, Other
    Engineering/Industrial Management
    Engineering-Related Fields, Other
    Engineering-Related Technologies, Other
    Entomology
    Environmental Biology
    Environmental Chemistry
    Environmental Control Technologies/TechniCIAns, Other
    Environmental Engineering Technology/Environmental Technology
    Environmental Health
    Environmental Science
    Environmental Studies
    Environmental Toxicology
    Environmental/Environmental Health Engineering
    Epidemiology
    Evolutionary Biology
    Exercise Physiology
    Experimental Psychology
    Explosive Ordinance/Bomb Disposal
    Financial Mathematics
    Food Science
    Food Science and Technology, Other
    Food Technology and Processing
    Forensic Chemistry
    Forensic Science and Technology
    Forest Engineering
    Forest Sciences and Biology
    Genetics, General
    Genetics, Other
    Genome Sciences/Genomics
    Geochemistry
    Geochemistry and Petrology
    GeogrAPhic InforMATion Science and Cartography
    GeoLogical and EArth Sciences/Geosciences, Other
    Geological/Geophysical Engineering
    Geology/Earth Science, General
    Geometry/Geometric Analysis
    GeoPhysics and Seismology
    Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
    Hazardous MATerials InforMATion Systems Technology/TechniCIAn
    Hazardous MATerials Management and Waste Technology/TechniCIAn
    Health/Medical Physics
    Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering Technology/TechniCIAn
    Horticultural Science
    Human Biology
    Human Computer InterACTion
    Human/Medical Genetics
    Hydraulics and Fluid Power Technology/TechniCIAn
    Hydrology and Water Resources Science
    Immunology
    Industrial and Physical Pharmacy and Cosmetic Sciences
    Industrial Engineering
    Industrial Production Technologies/TechniCIAns, Other
    Industrial Radiologic Technology/TechniCIAn
    Industrial Safety Technology/TechniCIAn
    Industrial Technology/TechniCIAn
    InforMATics
    InforMATion Operations/Joint InforMATion Operations
    Information Science/Studies
    Information Technology
    Information Technology Project Management
    InforMATion/PsychoLogical Warfare and Military Media Relations
    Inorganic Chemistry
    Instrumentation Technology/TechniCIAn
    Integrated Circuit Design
    Intelligence, Command Control and InforMATion Operations, Other
    Intelligence, General
    Joint Command/Task Force (C, CI) Systems
    Laser and Optical Engineering
    Laser and Optical Technology/TechniCIAn
    Livestock Management
    Low-Observables and Stealth Technology
    Management Science
    Management Science and Quantitative Methods, Other
    Manufacturing Engineering
    Manufacturing Engineering Technology/TechniCIAn
    Marine Biology and BioLogical OceanogrAPhy
    Marine Sciences
    MATerials Chemistry
    Materials Engineering
    Materials Science
    Materials Sciences, Other
    MATheMATical Biology
    Mathematical Statistics and Probability
    Mathematics and Computer Science
    Mathematics and Statistics
    Mathematics and Statistics, Other
    Mathematics, General
    Mathematics, Other
    Mechanical Drafting and Mechanical Drafting CAD/CADD
    Mechanical Engineering
    Mechanical Engineering Related Technologies/TechniCIAns, Other
    Mechanical Engineering/Mechanical Technology/TechniCIAn
    Mechatronics, Robotics, and AutoMATion Engineering
    Medical Informatics
    Medical Microbiology and Bacteriology
    Medical Scientist
    Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Metallurgical Engineering
    Metallurgical Technology/TechniCIAn
    Meteorology
    Microbial and Eukaryotic Genetics
    MicrobioLogical Sciences and Immunology, Other
    Microbiology and Immunology
    Microbiology, General
    Military Applied Sciences, Other
    Military InforMATion Systems Technology
    Military Systems and Maintenance Technology, Other
    Military Technologies and Applied Sciences, Other
    Mining and Mineral Engineering
    Mining and Petroleum Technologies/TechniCIAns, Other
    Mining Technology/TechniCIAn
    Missile and Space Systems Technology
    Modeling, Virtual Environments and Simulation
    Molecular Biochemistry
    Molecular Biology
    Molecular Biophysics
    Molecular Genetics
    Molecular Medicine
    Molecular Pharmacology
    Molecular Physiology
    Molecular Toxicology
    Munitions Systems/Ordinance Technology
    Mycology[SITESERVER_PAGE]
    Nanotechnology
    Natural Products Chemistry and Pharmacognosy
    Natural Resources Conservation and Research, Other
    Natural Resources/Conservation, General
    Natural Sciences
    Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering
    Naval Science and Operational Studies
    Network and System Administration/Administrator
    Neuroanatomy
    Neurobiology and Anatomy
    Neurobiology and Behavior
    Neurobiology and Neurosciences, Other
    NeuroPharmacology
    Neuroscience
    Nuclear and Industrial RadioLogic Technologies/TechniCIAns, Other
    Nuclear Engineering
    Nuclear Engineering Technology/TechniCIAn
    Nuclear Physics
    Nuclear/Nuclear Power Technology/TechniCIAn
    Nutrition Sciences
    Occupational Safety and Health Technology/TechniCIAn
    Ocean Engineering
    OceanogrAPhy, Chemical and Physical
    Oncology and Cancer Biology
    Operational OceanogrAPhy
    Operations Research
    Optics/Optical Sciences
    Organic Chemistry
    PackAging Science
    Paleontology
    PAPer Science and Engineering
    Parasitology
    Pathology/Experimental Pathology
    Personality Psychology
    Petroleum Engineering
    Petroleum Technology/TechniCIAn
    Pharmaceutical Sciences
    Pharmaceutics and Drug Design
    PharmacoEconomics/Pharmaceutical Economics
    Pharmacology
    Pharmacology and Toxicology
    Pharmacology and Toxicology, Other
    Photobiology
    Physical Chemistry
    Physical Science Technologies/TechniCIAns, Other
    Physical Sciences
    Physical Sciences, Other
    Physics, General
    Physics, Other
    Physiological Psychology/Psychobiology
    Physiology, General
    Physiology, Pathology, and Related Sciences, Other
    Planetary Astronomy and Science
    Plant Genetics
    Plant Molecular Biology
    Plant Pathology/Phytopathology
    Plant Physiology
    Plant Protection and Integrated Pest Management
    Plant Sciences, General
    Plant Sciences, Other
    Plasma and High-Temperature Physics
    Plastics and Polymer Engineering Technology/TechniCIAn
    Polymer Chemistry
    Polymer/Plastics Engineering
    Population Biology
    Poultry Science
    Pre-Engineering
    Psychometrics and Quantitative Psychology
    PsychoPharmacology
    Quality Control and Safety Technologies/TechniCIAns, Other
    Quality Control Technology/TechniCIAn
    Radar Communications and Systems Technology
    Radiation Biology/Radiobiology
    Range Science and Management
    Reproductive Biology
    Research and Experimental Psychology, Other
    Robotics Technology/TechniCIAn
    Science Technologies/TechniCIAns, General
    Science Technologies/TechniCIAns, Other
    Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology
    Signal/Geospatial Intelligence
    Social Psychology
    Soil Chemistry and Physics
    Soil Microbiology
    Soil Science and Agronomy, General
    Soil Sciences, Other
    Solar Energy Technology/TechniCIAn
    Space Systems Operations
    Statistics, General
    Statistics, Other
    Strategic Intelligence
    Structural Biology
    Structural Engineering
    Surveying Engineering
    Surveying Technology/Surveying
    Sustainability Studies
    System, Networking, and LAN/WAN Management/Manager
    SysteMATic Biology/BioLogical SysteMATics
    Systems Engineering
    Systems Science and Theory
    TeleCommunications Engineering
    Telecommunications Technology/TechniCIAn
    Textile Sciences and Engineering
    Theoretical and Mathematical Physics
    Theoretical Chemistry
    Topology and FounDATions
    Toxicology
    Transportation and Highway Engineering
    Undersea Warfare
    Urban Forestry
    Veterinary Anatomy
    Veterinary Infectious Diseases
    Veterinary Microbiology and Immunobiology
    Veterinary Pathology and Pathobiology
    Veterinary Physiology
    Veterinary Preventive medicine Epidemiology and Public Health
    Veterinary Toxicology and Pharmacology
    Virology
    Vision Science/PhysioLogical Optics
    Water Quality and Wastewater Treatment Management and Recycling Technology/TechniCIAn
    Water Resources Engineering
    Water, Wetlands, and Marine Resources Management
    Web Page, Digital/Multimedia and InforMATion Resources Design
    Web/Multimedia Management and Webmaster
    Welding Engineering Technology/TechniCIAn
    Wildlife Biology
    Wildlife, Fish and Wildlands Science and Management
    Wood Science and Wood Products/Pulp and PAPer Technology
    Zoology/Animal Biology
    Zoology/Animal Biology, Other
    好吧,我們先期待希拉里阿姨能夠順利當(dāng)選吧,提醒大家:2016年美利堅(jiān)合眾國總統(tǒng)選舉將于2016年11月08日星期二舉行,大家敬請(qǐng)期待吧。