巧妙借助邏輯關(guān)系 攻克考研英語(yǔ)真題

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    巧妙借助邏輯關(guān)系 攻克考研英語(yǔ)真題
    考研英語(yǔ),得閱讀者得天下。既然閱讀如此重要,我們?cè)撛鯓觽淇寄?不少同學(xué)只是為做題而做題,殊不知閱讀考察的并不是做題的量,而是做題的質(zhì)。如果能吃透一篇文章,這帶來(lái)的成果遠(yuǎn)比做十篇文章更有成效。所以大家務(wù)必利用好真題,吃透每一篇文章。本文就從邏輯這一層面,為大家解析2014年考研英語(yǔ)一閱讀理解的第一篇文章。
    21. George Osborne’s scheme was intended to
    [A]provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits.
    [B]encourage jobseekers’ active engagement in job seeking.
    [C]motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily.
    [D]guarantee jobseekers’ legitimate right to benefits.
    從題干中,我們得知問(wèn)題是:?jiǎn)讨巍W斯本計(jì)劃的目的何在?顯而易見(jiàn),這是一個(gè)詢(xún)問(wèn)事件的目的的題目,回到原文,定位到關(guān)鍵信息:In order to "change lives for the better" and reduce "dependency" George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the "upfront work search" scheme. 在這句話(huà)中,有一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的邏輯關(guān)系詞in order to, 文中提到是為了讓生活變得更好,并且減少人們的依賴(lài)性,喬治·奧斯本推行了“前期的工作尋找”計(jì)劃。比對(duì)答案,B選項(xiàng)中的鼓勵(lì)求職者積極尋找工作,正是reduce dependency的具體表現(xiàn),故正確答案為B。A、C、D在文章中都沒(méi)有提到,屬于無(wú)中生有。
    22. The phrase, "to sign on" (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means
    [A]to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre.
    [B]to accept the government’s restrictions on the allowance.
    [C]to register for an allowance from the government.
    [D]to attend a governmental job-training program.
    從題干中,我們得知此題考查詞組在文中的具體含義,這種題型的解題關(guān)鍵就是語(yǔ)境,根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)義推斷出考查詞組的確切含義。具體來(lái)說(shuō),回到原文,找到出現(xiàn)該詞組的位置,閱讀前后句子,找出句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系。There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. "Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on." he claimed. "We’re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster." 閱讀的時(shí)候需要重點(diǎn)理解指代詞,這可以幫助我們理清一些邏輯關(guān)系,比如這里Those first few days是指什么呢?如果大家仔細(xì)的話(huà),可以發(fā)現(xiàn)those first few days就是上一句話(huà)中的a seven-day wait。就是說(shuō),現(xiàn)在,失業(yè)者要等七天,才能夠有資格申領(lǐng)求職者補(bǔ)助。接下來(lái)應(yīng)該是具體說(shuō)明為什么這樣做。他(he,這里是指喬治·奧斯本)的理由是失業(yè)后最初的幾天應(yīng)該找工作(這是他所提倡的),而不是 X(X是他所抵制的)。我們知道,X應(yīng)該與找工作相對(duì),因?yàn)檫@里出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)Not,該題應(yīng)該選擇一個(gè)他所抵制的行為。A選項(xiàng)說(shuō)去查看求職中心是否有工作崗位,這屬于找工作,他所提倡的,故不對(duì)。[B]to accept the government’s restrictions on the allowance.接受政府對(duì)補(bǔ)助的限制,這也屬于找工作的前提條件,他所提倡的,故不選。[D]to attend a governmental job-training program.去參加工作培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目,文章中沒(méi)有提到培訓(xùn),屬于無(wú)中生有。只有[C]to register for an allowance from the government.向政府申請(qǐng)補(bǔ)助注冊(cè)在案。這是他所抵制的,屬于正確選項(xiàng)。
    23. What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?
    [A]A desire to secure a better life for all.
    [B]An eagerness to protect the unemployed.
    [C]An urge to be generous to the claimants.
    [D]A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.
    根據(jù)題干,我們可以得知:該題詢(xún)問(wèn)促使財(cái)務(wù)部長(zhǎng)推行其政策的緣由?;氐皆模ㄎ坏疥P(guān)鍵信息處:What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for "fundamental fairness"— protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.這里有一個(gè)關(guān)鍵謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞motivate, 這個(gè)詞表示刺激,使有動(dòng)力,激發(fā)......積極性,表示因果的邏輯關(guān)系。此外,stimulate /prompt / activate等詞也可以表示因果關(guān)系,正如題干中的prompt所示。正確答案應(yīng)該和his zeal for "fundamental fairness"— protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits相關(guān),至少在趨勢(shì)上保持一致,即維持公正。[A]A desire to secure a better life for all.渴望讓所有人過(guò)得更好,沒(méi)有提到。[B]An eagerness to protect the unemployed.文中是protecting the taxpayer,故錯(cuò)誤。[C]An urge to be generous to the claimants.generous文中沒(méi)有提到,故錯(cuò)誤。[D]A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.符合原文,正確。
    24. According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel
    [A]uneasy
    [B]enraged.
    [C]insulted.
    [D]guilty.
    根據(jù)題干,該題詢(xún)問(wèn)失業(yè)讓人們心情如何。回到原文,定位到關(guān)鍵信息處:Losing a job is hurting(令人傷心的). It is financially terrifying(令人恐懼的), psychologically embarrassing(令人為難的) and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. 故選 [A]uneasy,心神不安的。[B]enraged.憤怒的,[C]insulted.被侮辱的,[D]guilty,內(nèi)疚的。一是程度太重,二是文章中均沒(méi)有提到,錯(cuò)誤。
    根據(jù)以上兩道考研英語(yǔ)閱讀真題的剖析,我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn),正確答案在文章中均有出處,雖然大多數(shù)情況下與原文相比用詞不同,句式迥異,但其表述含義在趨勢(shì)上與原文保持一致;而錯(cuò)誤答案或是文章中沒(méi)有提及的,或是與文章所述事實(shí)或觀點(diǎn)相悖而行,或是雖然答案本身正確但是不符合題目要求,言不對(duì)題。大家在以后做題過(guò)程中要用心體會(huì),并注意總結(jié),這樣才能在閱讀上有所收獲,有所提升。
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