從歷年的考研英語真題中我們可以得知,考研英語長(zhǎng)難句以各種形式遍布在英語試卷中。很顯然,對(duì)于很多考生來說,考研英語長(zhǎng)難句就像一只攔路虎,讓考生望而卻步。那么,怎樣才能攻克考研英語長(zhǎng)難句這只攔路虎呢?要想長(zhǎng)難句不再難,方法之一就是在復(fù)習(xí)的時(shí)候,多多練習(xí)一些經(jīng)典的考研英語長(zhǎng)難句。俗話說:熟能生巧!一種句型,當(dāng)你練習(xí)了幾遍,考試時(shí)看到同樣的句型,也就知道該如何作答了。為了幫助各位2016考研的同學(xué)攻克長(zhǎng)難句,出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)小編給大家整理了一些經(jīng)典的長(zhǎng)難句訓(xùn)練題,并附有詳細(xì)的解析,希望能幫助大家。
考研英語長(zhǎng)難句訓(xùn)練題:
1. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in waysthat weaken the court's reputation for beingindependent and impartial.
2. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court's decisions will be accepted asimpartial judgements.
3. At the very least, the court should make itselfsubject to the code of conduct that applies to therest of the federal judiciary.
4. They gave justices permanent positions so theywould be free to upset those in power and have noneed to cultivate political support.
5. Constitutional law is political because it resultsfrom choices rooted in fundamental social conceptslike liberty and property.
6.When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it shapes is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily dismissed as unjust.
7. The justices must address doubts about thecourt's legitimacy by making themselvesaccountable to the code of conduct.
8. Laughter does produce short-term changes in the function of the heart snd its bloodvessels, boosting heart rate and oxygen consumption.
9. But because hard laughter is diffficult to suatain, agood laugh is unlikely to have measurable benefitsthe way, say, walking or jogging does.
10. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry because they are sadbut they become sad when the tears begin to flow.
11. In an experiment pubished in 1988, socialpsychologist Fritz Strack of the University ofWurzburg in Germany asked volunteers to hold apen either with their teeth-thereby creating anartificial smile-or with their lips, which wouldproduce a disappointed expression.
12. Those forced to exercises their smiling muscles reacted more enthusiastically to funnycartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, suggeating thatexpressions may inflence emotions rather than just the other way around.
13. Instead, the studies ended up giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very act of being experimented upon changes subjects' behavior.
14. Accoding to accounts of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increasd, but also it was dimmed.
15. An awareness that they were being experimentedupon seemed to be enough to alter workers'sbehavior by itself.
16. Contrary to the description on record, nosystematic evidence was found that levels of productivity were related to changes inlighting.
考研英語長(zhǎng)難句解析:
第1題:
【分析】復(fù)合句。主句主干為 justices acted。in severalinstances 和 in ways作狀語, that 引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾ways。
【譯文】然而,在一些情況下,法官的行為方式削弱了法院保持中立且公正的名聲。
第2題:
【分析】復(fù)合句,主句為 That kind of activity makes it less likely, it 是形式賓語,真正的賓語是 that 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。
【譯文】這類行為使得法院的裁定被認(rèn)為是公正判決的可能性有所下降。
【詞法拓展】
it 作形式賓語放在動(dòng)詞與賓語補(bǔ)足語之間,指代不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等,此時(shí),it 無實(shí)際意義。這種情況只能用于能以名詞或形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞后面,如feel, consider, find, believe, make, take, imagine,suppose, think, deem, regard, count 等。
第3題:
【分析】復(fù)合句。At the very least在句首作狀語,that 引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾 the code of conduct。
【譯文】至少,法院應(yīng)當(dāng)服從適用于聯(lián)邦司法系統(tǒng)其余部門的行為準(zhǔn)則。
第4題:
【分析】復(fù)合句。主句為 They gave justices permanent positions, so 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句,從句主干為they would be free...and have no need...。
【譯文】他們給予法官們終身任期,以便法官們能自由地推翻當(dāng)權(quán)者,且無需拉攏政治支持。
第5題:
【分析】復(fù)合句。主句為 Constitutional law ispolitical。because 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句;其中分詞短語rooted in... 作定語修飾 choices, 介詞短語 like libertyand property 修飾 concepts。
【譯文】憲法是由植根于自由和所有權(quán)等基本社會(huì)觀念的選擇造成的,因此它是政治性的。
第6題:
【分析】多重復(fù)合句。主句為 the law...is inescapably political。when 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句;it shapes 為省略引導(dǎo)詞的定語從句,修飾 the law, it 指代 the court; which 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句,修飾主句,其中包含 why 引導(dǎo)的表語從句。
【譯文】當(dāng)法院處理社會(huì)決策時(shí),它適用的法律不可避免地具有政治性--這也就是為什么不同意識(shí)形態(tài)的決策容易被認(rèn)為是不公正的而不予考慮。
第7題:
【分析】簡(jiǎn)單句。句子主干為 The justices mustaddress doubts,介詞短語 about the court'slegitimacy 修飾 doubts, by making...作方式狀語。
【譯文】法官必須通過對(duì)行為準(zhǔn)則負(fù)責(zé)來解除人們對(duì)于法院公正性的懷疑。
【點(diǎn)撥】1)address 在本句中作及物動(dòng)詞,意為"處理,對(duì)付",如:to address an issue 處理問題。2)accountable to 意為"對(duì)...負(fù)責(zé)"。3) the code of conduct 意為"行為準(zhǔn)則,行為規(guī)范"。
第8題:
【分析】簡(jiǎn)單句。句子主干為 Laughter does produce short-term changes。 介詞短語 in thefunction of...作 changes 的后置定語,句末的現(xiàn)在分詞短語 boosting...作伴隨狀語。
【譯文】"笑"確實(shí)能給心血管帶來短期的變化,提高心率以及對(duì)氧氣的吸收。
考研英語長(zhǎng)難句的復(fù)習(xí),要懂得舉一反三,下次看到同樣的句型的時(shí)候,要能夠正確解答。跟隨文都考研一起來練習(xí),讓考研英語長(zhǎng)難句不再難。最后,預(yù)祝2016考研的同學(xué)們,復(fù)習(xí)越來越好,考研大捷。
第9題:
【分析】復(fù)合句。句首為 because 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。主句的主干為 a good laugh is unlikely to havemeasurable benefits,主句包含 the way 引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句,say 作插入語。
【譯文】但是,由于"大笑"很難持續(xù),一場(chǎng)酣暢淋漓的大笑給心血管帶來的好處,不可能會(huì)像散步和慢跑給心血管帶來的好處那樣明顯可見。
第10題:
【分析】復(fù)合句。句首 It 為形式主語,真正的主語為 that 引導(dǎo)的從句。從句由 but 連接的并列復(fù)合句構(gòu)成,第一個(gè)分句包含 because 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句,第二個(gè)分句包含 when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。
【譯文】19世紀(jì)末曾有人提到:人類不是因?yàn)楸瘋奁?,而是因?yàn)榱鳒I而悲傷。
第11題:
【分析】復(fù)合句。句子主干為 social psychologistFritzStrack ...asked volunteers to hold a pen...。句首的介詞短語作整句話的狀語;either with ...or with... 作動(dòng)詞 hold 的方式狀語,第一個(gè)狀語后的現(xiàn)在分詞短語作目的狀語,第二個(gè)狀語后 which 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。
【譯文】1988年發(fā)表過一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn),德國維爾茨堡大學(xué)的社會(huì)心理學(xué)家弗里茨·斯特拉克和他的同事們招募了一批志愿者。他們讓一部分人用牙齒咬住一支筆,從而在臉上制造出"人工笑臉";或是用嘴唇叼著筆,從而產(chǎn)生"沮喪表情"。
第12題:
【分析】復(fù)合句。主句為 Those... reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons,過去分詞短語forced to...作后置定語修飾 those。than 引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句,該從句中的主語 those 由定語從句修飾,因其較長(zhǎng),謂語又因與主句重復(fù)而省略為 did,所以用倒裝語序。suggeating... 為現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作結(jié)果狀語,其中包含 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。
【譯文】那些用牙齒咬著筆,表現(xiàn)出笑容的人比那些用嘴唇叼著筆、表現(xiàn)出沮喪神情的人在看搞笑的動(dòng)畫片時(shí)所作出的反應(yīng)更豐富。這就證明了表情能夠影響情緒,而不是情緒影響表情。
【點(diǎn)撥】1) contract 作名詞時(shí)意為"契約,合同;婚約";作動(dòng)詞時(shí)意為"締結(jié),訂契約;染上(惡習(xí),疾病等);(使)收縮,(使)緊縮"。2) frown"皺眉,蹙眉",既是動(dòng)詞也是名詞。
第13題:
【分析】復(fù)合句。句子主干為 the studies ended up giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect"。the extremely influential idea...補(bǔ)充說明 Hawthorne effect,是其同位語,其中 idea 之后是 that 引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。同位語從句中,主句為 the very act,of being experimented upon 是其后置定語,謂語為 changes,賓語是 subjects' behavior。
【譯文】然而,這些研究最終以被冠之為"霍桑效應(yīng)"的概念而告終,這個(gè)極具影響力的概念認(rèn)為,僅僅是接受實(shí)驗(yàn)這一行為就足以使受試者的表現(xiàn)發(fā)生改變。
【點(diǎn)撥】1)subject 作名詞時(shí),是"主題、學(xué)科、對(duì)象、主語"的意思,結(jié)合語境,本句中意為"接受實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象,受試者"。作動(dòng)詞時(shí),意為"使服從;使遭受",常與 to 搭配。作形容詞時(shí),意為"受...支配的;易遭...的"。
2)end up doing sth."結(jié)果是...,最終..."。
第14題:
【分析】復(fù)合句。句子主干為 their hourly output rose。 連接兩個(gè)由 when 引導(dǎo)的并列時(shí)間狀語從句,后一時(shí)間狀語從句中 it 指代的是 lighting。 此處注意 not only...but also...結(jié)構(gòu)在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中可以省略 not only 或 but also。 Accoding to作狀語。
【譯文】實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告表明,當(dāng)照明燈變亮?xí)r,女工們每小時(shí)的產(chǎn)出會(huì)增加,而當(dāng)照明燈變暗時(shí),她們每小時(shí)的產(chǎn)出仍會(huì)增加。
【點(diǎn)撥】account 作名詞時(shí),常用意為"理由,解釋"或 "賬目、賬單",本句中的意思是"報(bào)告、描述"。作動(dòng)詞時(shí),常與 for 搭配,意為"說明...的原因;(在數(shù)量、比例方面)占"。
第15題:
【分析】復(fù)合句。句子主干為 。An awareness...seemedto be enough to alter...。 that 引導(dǎo)同位語從句補(bǔ)充說明awareness, 其中 they 指代后面的 workers。beenough to do "足以..."。
【譯文】只要意識(shí)到她們?cè)诮邮軐?shí)驗(yàn),這一意識(shí)本身似乎就足以改變工人們的行為。
第16題:
【分析】復(fù)合句。句子主干為 no systematic evidence was found...。 Contrary to 作句子狀語,that引導(dǎo)的從句作 evidence 的同位語,為避免句子頭重腳輕,此同位語從句與先行詞被謂語分離。
【譯文】與有記載的描述相反,沒有找到系統(tǒng)的證據(jù)來說明勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率的水平與光照的變化有關(guān)。