The open secret of higher education is that private colleges competing for students often slash prices for families wealthy enough to pay full tuition.
高等教育中為人熟知的一點就是私立大學爭相招入家庭富裕的學生，使其能夠支付全額的學費。
Some dangle “merit aid” to lure academic stars. Others use discounts to ensure that they enroll enough affluent students to meet their revenue targets.
一些學校打著基于優(yōu)秀的獎學金的口號吸引成績優(yōu)秀的學生，而另一些則用折扣來確保招收富裕的學生，以此來彌補財政收入。
Washington University in St. Louis provides grants unrelated to financial need or athletics to 14 percent of freshmen, a Washington Post analysis found. George Washington University gives them to 20 percent, and Tulane University to 37 percent. Those three are among dozens of prominent private schools that offer significant largesse to students without need.
圣路易斯華盛頓大學為14%的新生提供無償獎學金，在《華盛頓郵報》的調查分析顯示的。喬治華盛頓大學提供了20%，杜蘭大學是37%。這三所學校是著名的為學生提供大量獎學金的私立學校。
But as prices climb past $60,000 a year at many private colleges, debate over student debt and subsidies for the affluent has led some schools to rethink how they dole out funds.
但是很多私立學校學費上漲到了60,000美元一年，關于學生貸款和救濟的討論在進行，也使得學校重新考慮他們的資金問題。
Franklin & Marshall College is a case in point. The liberal arts school here in Pennsylvania’s Amish region ended almost all merit aid a few years ago and expanded grants for those in need, launching a recruiting revolution that has drawn national attention.
富蘭克林和馬歇爾學院就是一個很好的例子，賓夕法尼亞大學的文科學院阿米西地區(qū)在多年前就已經取消了所有的優(yōu)秀獎學金。然后對需要的學生擴大數量，發(fā)動了一場引起國家注意的招生改革。
The share of freshmen in high need?soared, while the share who pay full price shrank. Test scores of incoming students held steady. This year the school cracked the top 40 in the U.S. News & World Report ranking of liberal arts colleges, rising to 37th.
有需要幫助的新生人數上漲，但是繳納全額學費的學生減少了。有收入來源的學生保持不變。今年學校在《美國新聞周刊》和《世界報道排名》中，文科專業(yè)的排名沖進了前40名，到了37名。
People here avoid the word “merit” and its connotation of subsidies for the affluent. Instead, F&M President Daniel R. Porterfield talks of a “talent strategy” targeting students from all family incomes. Full charge for tuition, fees, room and board at the school is $60,799. Need-based aid, he said, “makes it possible for super-qualified kids to pursue the education they’ve earned.”
在這里人們避開“優(yōu)秀”這個詞以及它代表的內涵。F&M的主席Daniel R. Porterfield談起一種絕妙的策略就是定位出學生的家庭收入。全額學費，雜費，食宿費總共是60,799美元。他還說，基于需求的獎學金提供給資質優(yōu)秀的學生追求高等教育的資本。
Financial aid, like selective admissions, baffles college-bound students. Fears abound of stratospheric sticker prices at private colleges. Real prices, often far lower, are maddeningly hard to pin down.
財政救濟，就像選拔的招生條件，迷惑住了想上大學的學生。同一層次的學生對私立大學的費用充滿恐懼。真實的價格通常更低一些，非常難固定住。
Students wonder why some schools offer merit aid and others don’t, why their “expected family contribution” varies from place to place, and why some schools require them to take out large loans and others don’t.
學生們很奇怪為什么一些學生提供優(yōu)秀獎學金但是另一些不提供，為什么每個地方的家庭財產證明各不一樣，還有為什么一些學校要求他們大量借貸款，另一些卻不會。
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