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2015考研英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作考前輔導(dǎo)：圖表作文
圖表作文要求考生根據(jù)圖表所提示的數(shù)字或文字等信息，將圖表轉(zhuǎn)化為文字，解釋說(shuō)明圖表。通過(guò)對(duì)圖表的分析，考生要從中找出某種規(guī)律或得出結(jié)論。這類(lèi)作文所涉及的圖表大致有表格、柱狀圖、扇形圖和曲線圖。
圖表作文難度較大，在考研英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作試題中較為常見(jiàn)?？忌司哂性鷮?shí)的語(yǔ)言功底，還需要具有一定的數(shù)據(jù)分析和材料歸納的能力。圖表作文的寫(xiě)作有以下三點(diǎn)需要注意：
1.仔細(xì)審題
圖表的題目也就是作文的題目，因此應(yīng)先分析圖表的標(biāo)題，然后聯(lián)系題目與表中文字的關(guān)系。圖表作文的要求通常不是全面地描述圖表，而是對(duì)圖表的某些內(nèi)容進(jìn)行描述和分析。因此考生要特別注意審題。試題中的圖表可能包含很多信息，考生往往要進(jìn)行由表及里的分析，才能正確領(lǐng)會(huì)要表達(dá)的信息。
2.描述圖表時(shí)要抓住重點(diǎn)
在引用圖表數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)，考生應(yīng)仔細(xì)觀察表中數(shù)據(jù)的變化，并加以比較和歸納，抓住具有代表性的數(shù)據(jù)。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，即使題目中沒(méi)有“盡可能少引用數(shù)字”的指令，考生也無(wú)需逐一描述圖表中的各項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)。
3.分析要有一定的說(shuō)服力
考生對(duì)圖表的分析不一定要符合非常嚴(yán)格的科學(xué)考證，但必須要能夠自圓其說(shuō)，讓人讀后感到言之有理。一般情況下，圖表作文寫(xiě)作可按三段式結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行：第一段寫(xiě)該圖表的主旨;第二段寫(xiě)圖表的主要信息;第三段得出結(jié)論。或者第一段揭示表面現(xiàn)象;第二段揭示深層次的原因;第三段表述前景或趨勢(shì)。
【經(jīng)典范文】
Directions: the table below showsthe number of road accidents which occurred in Britain in different places andthe ages of the injured persons. Write a report describing the informationshown below。
Road accidents in Britain
| When/ Where accidents occurred | Age 2~4 | Age5~7 | Age8~11 | Age11~13 | Age14~16 | TOTAL |
| Going to school | 2 | 13 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 27 |
| Going home from school | 2 | 16 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 31 |
| Playing in the street | 89 | 81 | 26 | 5 | 1 | 202 |
| Cycling into the street | 1 | 10 | 25 | 9 | 2 | 47 |
| Shopping for their parents | 4 | 32 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 52 |
| TOTAL | 98 | 152 | 81 | 21 | 7 | 359 |
The chart above organizes data about roadaccidents involving children in Britain by and by when and where the accidentsoccurred. It can be seen that the incidence of accidents decreases as thechildren’s age increase and that age correlates with the circumstancessurrounding the accident。
For all ages, the most common situationleading to accident is playing in the street but young children were particularlyaffected. Children between the ages of 5-7 seemed to get into accidents whileengaged in activities appropriate to their age, such as shopping for theirparents or going home from school. In fact, this age group accounted for themost road accidents of all. Children between 8 and age 11 had the mostaccidents cycling in the street. After age 11, the number of accidents droppedconsiderably in all situations。
From the chart, we get to know that playingin the street is the most common and universal site of accidents of all ages,but the risks that other sites and situations present vary with the children’sages。
短文寫(xiě)作中，考生應(yīng)注意文章是否切題，論據(jù)是否充分;在展開(kāi)過(guò)程中應(yīng)注意各段內(nèi)容是否圍繞主題句展開(kāi)，有無(wú)與主題無(wú)關(guān)的句子內(nèi)容;句子之間、段落之間的連接要自然，邏輯關(guān)系要清晰;句子結(jié)構(gòu)要保持完整，人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)、動(dòng)詞變化等要保持一致，單詞拼寫(xiě)、大小寫(xiě)、標(biāo)點(diǎn)要無(wú)誤。這樣才能寫(xiě)出一篇令人滿(mǎn)意的文章。
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