你能在大學(xué)掌握就業(yè)能力嗎?
當(dāng)今社會年輕人的就業(yè)問題非常嚴(yán)峻，就業(yè)能力和軟技術(shù)發(fā)展等問題由此變得更為重要，關(guān)于大學(xué)等教育形式怎樣才能提高學(xué)生就業(yè)能力的話題也討論得越加激烈。那么什么是就業(yè)能力?高等教育真的能提高學(xué)生的就業(yè)能力嗎?
To quote Monika Kosinska, secretary-general of the European Public Health Alliance, “Young people today are entering the most difficult labor market in decades, with potentially tragic consequences for their lives and futures.” With this in mind, the questions of employability, soft skills development and skills employers look for have become increasingly important, and has especially been discussed in the context of how universities and other education providers can better prepare students for a life of fulfilling employment. But just what is employability, and is it really something higher education can provide?
據(jù)歐洲公共健康聯(lián)盟秘書長Monika Kosinska所言，當(dāng)今社會年輕人的就業(yè)問題非常嚴(yán)峻，就業(yè)能力和軟技術(shù)發(fā)展等問題由此變得更為重要，關(guān)于大學(xué)等教育形式怎樣才能提高學(xué)生就業(yè)能力的話題也討論得越加激烈。那么什么是就業(yè)能力?高等教育真的能提高學(xué)生的就業(yè)能力嗎?
What is employability?
These were some of the main questions up for discussion at the European Students Convention (ESC27) in Brussels a few weeks ago, with many of the early talks in particular attempting to set out some basic definitions. When addressing the question “what is employability?” there was general agreement that this term means more than just the state of being employed. Rather, it encompasses a combination of personal, social and economic factors that combine to give a greater or lesser likelihood of an individual being able to secure and maintain employment.Ivana Juraga, project officer at the European University Association (EUA), provided a reasonably succinct definition of employability as: “The ability to search for a relevant job, to perform competently in your workplace, and to be a lifelong learner.”
什么是就業(yè)能力?
就業(yè)能力不僅代表能夠找到工作，它還意味著把工作做好并在崗位上長久穩(wěn)定下來的能力。歐洲大學(xué)協(xié)會的項(xiàng)目主主任Ivana Juraga為這個術(shù)語提供了一個合理的解釋：“就業(yè)能力就是找到一個與自己專業(yè)或興趣相關(guān)的工作，在工作中表現(xiàn)出色，并能夠通過不斷的學(xué)習(xí)提高自己?！?BR> Can university increase your employability?
With these multi-faceted definitions of employability in place, discussions turned to the question of the role tertiary education providers can play in helping individuals and societies attain higher levels of employability. Two main ways in which universities could contribute were highlighted: by providing courses well-matched to industry demand, and by focusing on the development of longer-term employability skills.While no one challenged the importance of this first aspect, convention attendees were overall more inclined to focus on the second, that of soft skills development. This was in part due to recognition of the difficulties involved in matching course provision to industry demand, especially in a world where rapid change is increasingly the norm for many professional sectors. It also reflected a feeling, particularly among student representatives, that “soft skills” remain relatively undervalued both by employers and universities.The good news is that attending university is likely to increase your overall employment prospects. Studies from around the world have shown that, while all groups have been affected by the recession and by poor employment rates, those with higher levels of education still have better employment and earnings prospects in almost all countries.
大學(xué)能提高你的就業(yè)能力嗎?
大學(xué)提高學(xué)生就業(yè)能力的方式主要有兩種：開設(shè)與市場需求相呼應(yīng)的課程并注重培養(yǎng)就職技能。第一種方式是毋庸置疑的，然而第二種，也就是關(guān)于軟技能的重要性在大學(xué)里依然沒有得到很好體現(xiàn)。軟技能就是個人的社交禮儀、友好程度、溝通能力以及處理人際關(guān)系的樂觀態(tài)度。然而大學(xué)還是能夠提升人的就業(yè)希望。研究表明，盡管經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)和就業(yè)率低會影響所有群體，但接受過高等教育的人還是有更好的就業(yè)前景。
For many professional roles, it’s easy to see how a degree provides the necessary employability skills; for example, if you want to be a medical doctor, an architect or an engineer, you will learn the necessary knowledge and skills at university. In other cases, the link between university and employability skills is not so obvious, but it is still there.Tia Loukkola, director of the Institutional Development Unit at the European University Association, gave a good example of this. Recalling her time as a modern languages student, she said she couldn’t understand the point of hours spent practising the language by writing up summaries of longer texts – but that those soft skills proved extremely useful a few years later, when her job required her to quickly summarize long and complex policy documents.
So the short answer to this question is yes: university can improve your employability, in ways that may be very obvious or only become clear later in life. When choosing a course, you may want to think about the specific role it will prepare you for, but don’t worry if you don’t know yet what you want to do, or you can’t see how your favored subject will prepare you for the workplace. Especially if you study at a university where independent study and thought are supported, you’ll be developing all kinds of the skills employers look for and which are useful in many professional roles without even realizing it.
一個好的文憑在很多職業(yè)中都是必需的。例如，如果你想成為醫(yī)生、建筑師或工程師，你就必須在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)的知識和技能。也有些人在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的知識與就業(yè)能力之間的關(guān)系不是那么明顯，但它們之間仍然有聯(lián)系。比如歐洲大學(xué)協(xié)會的學(xué)院發(fā)展部主任Tia Loukkola回憶道，她在大學(xué)主修“現(xiàn)代語言”時，不知道花大把的時間總結(jié)各種長篇課文到底有什么意義，但后來她發(fā)現(xiàn)那對自己的職業(yè)生涯幫助很大，因?yàn)樗墓ぷ骶褪且偨Y(jié)大量長而復(fù)雜的政策文件。
所以這個問題的答案是肯定的：大學(xué)能提高你的就業(yè)能力，只是有時效果很明顯而有時這種效果要以后才能呈現(xiàn)。
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