《2016年SAT改革樣題：新SAT寫作改革細(xì)節(jié)分析》新聞?dòng)芍袊?guó)教育新聞網(wǎng)綜合06月05日?qǐng)?bào)道，出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng)liuxue86.com轉(zhuǎn)載。
雖然作文的分?jǐn)?shù)在整體的SAT考試中是可選的，但是和一些地區(qū)和一些學(xué)校將會(huì)要求作文的分?jǐn)?shù)。
SAT Essay
還有一年半的時(shí)間我們就要迎接來新的SAT考試了，那么我們先來看一下新的SAT會(huì)有些什么改變：
·最早的一次新SAT考試會(huì)出現(xiàn)在2016年的春天；
·新的SAT考試會(huì)以2種形式出現(xiàn)：紙質(zhì)版考試和電腦版考試(出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng) www.liuxue86.com)；
·考試內(nèi)容：詢證式閱讀和語法；數(shù)學(xué)；作文；
·考試長(zhǎng)度：3個(gè)小時(shí)+50分鐘的作文(出國(guó)留學(xué) wwww.liuxue86.com)
·考試分?jǐn)?shù)：1600。其中詢證式閱讀+語法：800分；數(shù)學(xué)：800分；作文：?jiǎn)为?dú)出分?jǐn)?shù)(出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng) www.liuxue86.com)
SAT寫作改革重點(diǎn)
重新改革的SAT將會(huì)更加貼近美國(guó)高中教育同時(shí)配合美國(guó)大學(xué)人才的需求。新的SAT作文考試會(huì)更加側(cè)重學(xué)生能不能夠完全適應(yīng)美國(guó)大學(xué)里面的學(xué)術(shù)寫作要求，日常的作業(yè)，和論文的完成等。所以，新的SAT作文考試要求學(xué)生首先具備一些基本的英語寫作素養(yǎng)，比如說，遣詞造句的能力，表達(dá)的能力，構(gòu)建文章的能力。除此之外，新的考試會(huì)更關(guān)注于學(xué)生整體的讀與寫的能力，包括邏輯思維能力，辯證性思維能力，獨(dú)立思考能力，論證能力，辯述能力，分析文章能力等。
因此，新的SAT寫作不論從內(nèi)容上還是形式上都將會(huì)有的巨大的改變，與現(xiàn)有的SAT考試截然不同。
SAT寫作改革內(nèi)容
首先，讓我們先看一下改革的藍(lán)圖：
·在自不同來源的文章
·在閱讀文章的時(shí)候，考慮作者是如何使用：論據(jù)，比如例子和事實(shí)；論述：如何建立論述，同時(shí)是如何連接論述和證據(jù)
文體風(fēng)格或是其他表達(dá)方式來展開思路，添加細(xì)節(jié)，使得整篇文章更有說服力。
·完成一篇作文，來解釋作者是如何構(gòu)建論證來說服讀者的。
那么在新的考試中，學(xué)生要做如下幾件事情。首先，學(xué)生會(huì)閱讀一篇文章，然后去解釋讀者是如何構(gòu)建論證的。學(xué)生需要用閱讀文章中的具體的例子和論據(jù)來論證支持自己的寫作觀點(diǎn)。整體的寫作要求會(huì)無限地接近貼合大學(xué)里相關(guān)的需要寫作的作業(yè)和論文等。
新的作文部分將被設(shè)計(jì)成幫助高中生培養(yǎng)仔細(xì)閱讀，詳細(xì)分析，清晰寫作的能力。這次的改革也會(huì)促進(jìn)學(xué)生閱讀更廣泛的文章，同時(shí)使得學(xué)生能夠從作者的角度分析相關(guān)的具體文章修辭，寫作意圖，論證的使用等。
相關(guān)的閱讀文章會(huì)提前公布和分享出來，整體的風(fēng)格和形式是保持一致的，只是具體的文章會(huì)不一樣。
雖然作文的分?jǐn)?shù)在整體的SAT考試中是可選的，但是和一些地區(qū)和一些學(xué)校將會(huì)要求作文的分?jǐn)?shù)。
下面我們看一下最新公布的樣題：
The following sampleEssay prompt is followed by an annotated version of the source text thatsuggests some of the ways that students might analyze the text in response tothe prompt. The annotations are only examples of elements of the passagestudents may choose to write about.
As you read the passagebelow, consider how Paul Bogard uses
Evidence,such as facts or examples, to support claims.
Reasoning todevelop ideas and to connect claims and evidence.
stylistic orpersuasive elements, such as word choice or appeals to emotion, ?to add powerto the ideas expressed.
Adapted fromPaul Bogard, “Let There be Dark.” ?2012 by the Los Angeles Times. Originallypublished December 21, 2012.
At myfamily’s cabin on a Minnesota lake, I knew woods so dark that my handsdisappeared before my eyes. I knew night skies in which meteors left smokytrails across sugary spreads of stars. But now, when 8 of 10 children born inthe United States will never know a sky dark enough for the Milky Way, I worrywe are rapidly losing night’s natural darkness before realizing its worth. Thiswinter solstice, as we cheer the days’ gradual movement back toward light, letus also remember the irreplaceable value of darkness.
All lifeevolved to the steady rhythm of bright days and dark nights. Today, though,when we feel the closeness of nightfall, we reach quickly for a light switch.And too little darkness, meaning too much artificial light at night, spellstrouble for all.
Already theWorld Health Organization classifies working the night shift as a probablehuman carcinogen, and the American Medical Association has voiced its unanimoussupport for “l(fā)ight pollution reduction efforts and glare reduction efforts atboth the national and state levels.” Our bodies need darkness to produce thehormone melatonin, which keeps certain cancers from developing, and our bodiesneed darkness for sleep.
Sleep disorders havebeen linked to diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease and depression, andrecent research suggests one main cause of “short sleep” is “l(fā)ong light.”Whether we work at night or simply take our tablets, notebooks and smartphonesto bed, there isn’t a place for this much artificial light in our lives.
The rest of the worlddepends on darkness as well, including nocturnal and crepuscular species ofbirds, insects, mammals, fish and reptiles. Some examples are well known—the400 species of birds that migrate at night?in North America, the sea turtlesthat come ashore to lay their eggs—and some are not, such as the bats that saveAmerican farmers billions in pest control and the moths that pollinate 80% ofthe world’s flora. Ecological light pollution is like the bulldozer of thenight, wrecking habitat and disrupting ecosystems several billion years in themaking. Simply put, without darkness, Earth’s ecology would collapse . . .
In today’s crowded,louder, more fast-paced world, night’s darkness?can provide solitude, quiet andstillness, qualities increasingly in short supply. Every religious traditionhas considered darkness invaluable for a soulful life, and the chance towitness the universe has inspired artists, philosophers and everyday stargazerssince time began. In a world awash with electric light. . . how would Van Goghhave given the world his “Starry Night”? Who knows what this vision of thenight sky might inspire in each of us, in our children or grandchildren?
Yet all over the world,our nights are growing brighter. In the United States and Western Europe, theamount of light in the sky increases an average of about 6% every year.Computer images of the United States at night, based on NASA photographs, showthat what was a very dark country as recently as the 1950s is now nearlycovered with a blanket of light. Much of this light is wasted energy, whichmeans wasted dollars. Those of us over 35 are perhaps among the last generationto have known truly dark nights. Even the northern lake where I was lucky tospend my summers has seen its darkness diminish.
It doesn’t have to bethis way. Light pollution is readily within our ability to solve, using newlighting technologies and shielding existing lights. Already, many cities andtowns across North America and Europe are changing to LED streetlights, whichoffer dramatic possibilities for controlling wasted light. Other communitiesare finding success with simply turning off portions of their public lightingafter midnight. Even Paris, the famed “city of light,” which already turns offits monument lighting after 1 a.m., will this summer start to require itsshops, offices and public buildings to turn off lights after 2 a.m. Thoughprimarily designed to save energy, such reductions in light will also go far inaddressing light pollution. But we will never truly address the problem oflight pollution until we become aware of the irreplaceable value and beauty ofthe darkness we are losing.
Assignment: Write anessay in which you explain how Paul Bogard builds an argument to persuade hisaudience that natural darkness should be preserved. In your essay, analyze howBogard uses one or more of the features listed in the box above (出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng) www.liuxue86.com) to strengthen the logic and persuasiveness of his argument. Besure that your analysis focuses on the most relevant features of the passage.
Your essay should not explainwhether you agree with Bogard’s?claims, but rather explain how Bogard builds anargument to persuade his audience.
好，看完題目，我們來看一下具體該如何著手去寫這篇文章，應(yīng)該從哪幾個(gè)點(diǎn)來展現(xiàn)作者的意圖。
1. 用詞：
a) The descriptive words used inthis sentence add visual intensity, evoking the wonder of the night sky. 作者是如何使用詞匯來突出文章的畫面感。
b) The writer chooses his wordscarefully in this paragraph in order to shape readers’ perceptions and bolsterhis claims. For example, he argues that we are using too much light when lessis needed by referring to light being “wasted.” He also suggests how easily theproblem of light pollution might be addressed, using “simply” to describe what“other communities” are doing. 作者是如何選擇詞匯來加強(qiáng)自己的論證，同時(shí)說服讀者相信自己的觀點(diǎn)。
2. 論據(jù)：The writer uses this statistic as evidence to inform his subsequent claimthat we “are rapidly losing night’s natural darkness. 作者是如何使用數(shù)據(jù)作為論據(jù)引出下面他的觀點(diǎn)的。
3. 如何展開文章：The writer continues to draw ?on evidence from the authorities citedabove. He uses this evidence to inform his subsequent point ?that “whether wework at night or simply take our . . . smartphones to bed, there isn’t a placefor this much artificial light in our lives.” 作者是如何展開論證，使得整篇文章連為一體，整體聯(lián)會(huì)貫通。
4. 如何使用論據(jù)支持文章：The presentation of facts and evidence supports the claim that follows atthe end of the paragraph that “without darkness, Earth’s ecology wouldcollapse.” 作者如何使用合適和相關(guān)的論據(jù)來支持自己的觀點(diǎn)。
5. 修辭手法：
a) The writer compares lightpollution to the effects of a “bulldozer,” a machine that can be used to ravageland. This imagery dramatizes the destructive potential of light pollution.
類比修辭
b) The use of rhetoricalquestions encourages the reader to consider a world without Van Gogh’s belovedpainting and what Van Gogh’s vision inspires in us all. The suggestion of aworld without such artistry and the notion that darkness is “invaluable to asoulful life” are also designed to evoke an emotional reaction in the reader. 作者是如何使用假設(shè)來強(qiáng)調(diào)自己的論點(diǎn)。
雖然作文的分?jǐn)?shù)在整體的SAT考試中是可選的，但是和一些地區(qū)和一些學(xué)校將會(huì)要求作文的分?jǐn)?shù)。
SAT Essay
還有一年半的時(shí)間我們就要迎接來新的SAT考試了，那么我們先來看一下新的SAT會(huì)有些什么改變：
·最早的一次新SAT考試會(huì)出現(xiàn)在2016年的春天；
·新的SAT考試會(huì)以2種形式出現(xiàn)：紙質(zhì)版考試和電腦版考試(出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng) www.liuxue86.com)；
·考試內(nèi)容：詢證式閱讀和語法；數(shù)學(xué)；作文；
·考試長(zhǎng)度：3個(gè)小時(shí)+50分鐘的作文(出國(guó)留學(xué) wwww.liuxue86.com)
·考試分?jǐn)?shù)：1600。其中詢證式閱讀+語法：800分；數(shù)學(xué)：800分；作文：?jiǎn)为?dú)出分?jǐn)?shù)(出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng) www.liuxue86.com)
SAT寫作改革重點(diǎn)
重新改革的SAT將會(huì)更加貼近美國(guó)高中教育同時(shí)配合美國(guó)大學(xué)人才的需求。新的SAT作文考試會(huì)更加側(cè)重學(xué)生能不能夠完全適應(yīng)美國(guó)大學(xué)里面的學(xué)術(shù)寫作要求，日常的作業(yè)，和論文的完成等。所以，新的SAT作文考試要求學(xué)生首先具備一些基本的英語寫作素養(yǎng)，比如說，遣詞造句的能力，表達(dá)的能力，構(gòu)建文章的能力。除此之外，新的考試會(huì)更關(guān)注于學(xué)生整體的讀與寫的能力，包括邏輯思維能力，辯證性思維能力，獨(dú)立思考能力，論證能力，辯述能力，分析文章能力等。
因此，新的SAT寫作不論從內(nèi)容上還是形式上都將會(huì)有的巨大的改變，與現(xiàn)有的SAT考試截然不同。
SAT寫作改革內(nèi)容
首先，讓我們先看一下改革的藍(lán)圖：
·在自不同來源的文章
·在閱讀文章的時(shí)候，考慮作者是如何使用：論據(jù)，比如例子和事實(shí)；論述：如何建立論述，同時(shí)是如何連接論述和證據(jù)
文體風(fēng)格或是其他表達(dá)方式來展開思路，添加細(xì)節(jié)，使得整篇文章更有說服力。
·完成一篇作文，來解釋作者是如何構(gòu)建論證來說服讀者的。
那么在新的考試中，學(xué)生要做如下幾件事情。首先，學(xué)生會(huì)閱讀一篇文章，然后去解釋讀者是如何構(gòu)建論證的。學(xué)生需要用閱讀文章中的具體的例子和論據(jù)來論證支持自己的寫作觀點(diǎn)。整體的寫作要求會(huì)無限地接近貼合大學(xué)里相關(guān)的需要寫作的作業(yè)和論文等。
新的作文部分將被設(shè)計(jì)成幫助高中生培養(yǎng)仔細(xì)閱讀，詳細(xì)分析，清晰寫作的能力。這次的改革也會(huì)促進(jìn)學(xué)生閱讀更廣泛的文章，同時(shí)使得學(xué)生能夠從作者的角度分析相關(guān)的具體文章修辭，寫作意圖，論證的使用等。
相關(guān)的閱讀文章會(huì)提前公布和分享出來，整體的風(fēng)格和形式是保持一致的，只是具體的文章會(huì)不一樣。
雖然作文的分?jǐn)?shù)在整體的SAT考試中是可選的，但是和一些地區(qū)和一些學(xué)校將會(huì)要求作文的分?jǐn)?shù)。
下面我們看一下最新公布的樣題：
The following sampleEssay prompt is followed by an annotated version of the source text thatsuggests some of the ways that students might analyze the text in response tothe prompt. The annotations are only examples of elements of the passagestudents may choose to write about.
As you read the passagebelow, consider how Paul Bogard uses
Evidence,such as facts or examples, to support claims.
Reasoning todevelop ideas and to connect claims and evidence.
stylistic orpersuasive elements, such as word choice or appeals to emotion, ?to add powerto the ideas expressed.
Adapted fromPaul Bogard, “Let There be Dark.” ?2012 by the Los Angeles Times. Originallypublished December 21, 2012.
At myfamily’s cabin on a Minnesota lake, I knew woods so dark that my handsdisappeared before my eyes. I knew night skies in which meteors left smokytrails across sugary spreads of stars. But now, when 8 of 10 children born inthe United States will never know a sky dark enough for the Milky Way, I worrywe are rapidly losing night’s natural darkness before realizing its worth. Thiswinter solstice, as we cheer the days’ gradual movement back toward light, letus also remember the irreplaceable value of darkness.
All lifeevolved to the steady rhythm of bright days and dark nights. Today, though,when we feel the closeness of nightfall, we reach quickly for a light switch.And too little darkness, meaning too much artificial light at night, spellstrouble for all.
Already theWorld Health Organization classifies working the night shift as a probablehuman carcinogen, and the American Medical Association has voiced its unanimoussupport for “l(fā)ight pollution reduction efforts and glare reduction efforts atboth the national and state levels.” Our bodies need darkness to produce thehormone melatonin, which keeps certain cancers from developing, and our bodiesneed darkness for sleep.
Sleep disorders havebeen linked to diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease and depression, andrecent research suggests one main cause of “short sleep” is “l(fā)ong light.”Whether we work at night or simply take our tablets, notebooks and smartphonesto bed, there isn’t a place for this much artificial light in our lives.
The rest of the worlddepends on darkness as well, including nocturnal and crepuscular species ofbirds, insects, mammals, fish and reptiles. Some examples are well known—the400 species of birds that migrate at night?in North America, the sea turtlesthat come ashore to lay their eggs—and some are not, such as the bats that saveAmerican farmers billions in pest control and the moths that pollinate 80% ofthe world’s flora. Ecological light pollution is like the bulldozer of thenight, wrecking habitat and disrupting ecosystems several billion years in themaking. Simply put, without darkness, Earth’s ecology would collapse . . .
In today’s crowded,louder, more fast-paced world, night’s darkness?can provide solitude, quiet andstillness, qualities increasingly in short supply. Every religious traditionhas considered darkness invaluable for a soulful life, and the chance towitness the universe has inspired artists, philosophers and everyday stargazerssince time began. In a world awash with electric light. . . how would Van Goghhave given the world his “Starry Night”? Who knows what this vision of thenight sky might inspire in each of us, in our children or grandchildren?
Yet all over the world,our nights are growing brighter. In the United States and Western Europe, theamount of light in the sky increases an average of about 6% every year.Computer images of the United States at night, based on NASA photographs, showthat what was a very dark country as recently as the 1950s is now nearlycovered with a blanket of light. Much of this light is wasted energy, whichmeans wasted dollars. Those of us over 35 are perhaps among the last generationto have known truly dark nights. Even the northern lake where I was lucky tospend my summers has seen its darkness diminish.
It doesn’t have to bethis way. Light pollution is readily within our ability to solve, using newlighting technologies and shielding existing lights. Already, many cities andtowns across North America and Europe are changing to LED streetlights, whichoffer dramatic possibilities for controlling wasted light. Other communitiesare finding success with simply turning off portions of their public lightingafter midnight. Even Paris, the famed “city of light,” which already turns offits monument lighting after 1 a.m., will this summer start to require itsshops, offices and public buildings to turn off lights after 2 a.m. Thoughprimarily designed to save energy, such reductions in light will also go far inaddressing light pollution. But we will never truly address the problem oflight pollution until we become aware of the irreplaceable value and beauty ofthe darkness we are losing.
Assignment: Write anessay in which you explain how Paul Bogard builds an argument to persuade hisaudience that natural darkness should be preserved. In your essay, analyze howBogard uses one or more of the features listed in the box above (出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng) www.liuxue86.com) to strengthen the logic and persuasiveness of his argument. Besure that your analysis focuses on the most relevant features of the passage.
Your essay should not explainwhether you agree with Bogard’s?claims, but rather explain how Bogard builds anargument to persuade his audience.
好，看完題目，我們來看一下具體該如何著手去寫這篇文章，應(yīng)該從哪幾個(gè)點(diǎn)來展現(xiàn)作者的意圖。
1. 用詞：
a) The descriptive words used inthis sentence add visual intensity, evoking the wonder of the night sky. 作者是如何使用詞匯來突出文章的畫面感。
b) The writer chooses his wordscarefully in this paragraph in order to shape readers’ perceptions and bolsterhis claims. For example, he argues that we are using too much light when lessis needed by referring to light being “wasted.” He also suggests how easily theproblem of light pollution might be addressed, using “simply” to describe what“other communities” are doing. 作者是如何選擇詞匯來加強(qiáng)自己的論證，同時(shí)說服讀者相信自己的觀點(diǎn)。
2. 論據(jù)：The writer uses this statistic as evidence to inform his subsequent claimthat we “are rapidly losing night’s natural darkness. 作者是如何使用數(shù)據(jù)作為論據(jù)引出下面他的觀點(diǎn)的。
3. 如何展開文章：The writer continues to draw ?on evidence from the authorities citedabove. He uses this evidence to inform his subsequent point ?that “whether wework at night or simply take our . . . smartphones to bed, there isn’t a placefor this much artificial light in our lives.” 作者是如何展開論證，使得整篇文章連為一體，整體聯(lián)會(huì)貫通。
4. 如何使用論據(jù)支持文章：The presentation of facts and evidence supports the claim that follows atthe end of the paragraph that “without darkness, Earth’s ecology wouldcollapse.” 作者如何使用合適和相關(guān)的論據(jù)來支持自己的觀點(diǎn)。
5. 修辭手法：
a) The writer compares lightpollution to the effects of a “bulldozer,” a machine that can be used to ravageland. This imagery dramatizes the destructive potential of light pollution.
類比修辭
b) The use of rhetoricalquestions encourages the reader to consider a world without Van Gogh’s belovedpainting and what Van Gogh’s vision inspires in us all. The suggestion of aworld without such artistry and the notion that darkness is “invaluable to asoulful life” are also designed to evoke an emotional reaction in the reader. 作者是如何使用假設(shè)來強(qiáng)調(diào)自己的論點(diǎn)。