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2015考研英語(yǔ)(二)真題和解析發(fā)布入口
2013考研英語(yǔ)(二)的考研閱讀真題
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today,” a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”
Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.
In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.
Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes,” In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.
There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.
In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.
21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______
[A] the impact of technological advances
[B] the alleviation of job pressure
[C] the shrinkage of textile mills
[D] the decline of middle-class incomes
22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______
[A] work on cheap software
[B] ask for a moderate salary
[C] adopt an average lifestyle
[D] contribute something unique
23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______
[A] gains of technology have been erased
[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed
[C] factories are making much less money than before
[D] new jobs and services have been offered
24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____
[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution
[B] to ensure more education for people
[C] ro advance economic globalization
[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century
25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?
[A] New Law Takes Effect
[B] Technology Goes Cheap
[C] Average Is Over
[D] Recession Is Bad
21.【答案】A
【解析】第一段第二行指出笑話是關(guān)于紡織廠自動(dòng)化程度的，后一句具體說(shuō)明了笑話的內(nèi)容：工廠平均每天只有兩個(gè)人，一人一狗。人的工作是喂狗，狗的工作是看機(jī)器，暗示了工廠所有的生產(chǎn)工作都是由機(jī)器自動(dòng)完成的。因此，這個(gè)笑話是用來(lái)說(shuō)明技術(shù)進(jìn)步的影響，故選A。
22.【答案】D
【解析】 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，通過(guò)題干“根據(jù)第3段，要想成為一個(gè)成功的雇員，一個(gè)人得……”, 我們首先可以定位到文章第三段，由第三段的最后一句話“Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.”意思是“因此，人人都需要有另外的價(jià)值，異于常人的獨(dú)特價(jià)值能夠讓他們?cè)诟髯缘墓蛡蚴袌?chǎng)上脫穎而出。”，我們可以得出，題干中“to be a successful employee”與第三段的最后一句話中的“that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment”是同義替換，“everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution”與D選項(xiàng)中的“contribute something unique”是同義替換，所以D選項(xiàng)正確。
A、B兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)與第三段的倒數(shù)第二句話意思不符，是干擾選項(xiàng)。C選項(xiàng)與第三段的第一、二句話意思相反，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的是“But ,today ,average is officially over.”，意思是“現(xiàn)如今，擁有一般水平不行了。”
23. 【答案】B
【解析】根據(jù)題干定位到第四段，第一句technology has been eating jobs(技術(shù)使工作機(jī)會(huì)減少)也反映了該段的主旨。而根據(jù)題干quotation一詞，我們讀到引號(hào)里有“shed workers (解雇工人)”、“roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared (大約1/3的手工生產(chǎn)工作機(jī)會(huì)消失，總計(jì)6百萬(wàn))”，可推斷出B選項(xiàng)。
24. 【答案】B
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干reduce unemployment減少失業(yè)，可以定位到文章中最后一段，這段出現(xiàn)了與之類似的表達(dá)“support employment” 促進(jìn)就業(yè)，而題干表述“the most important”與文章“nothing would be more important than”相對(duì)應(yīng)，指出促進(jìn)就業(yè)最重要的是頒布類似于“G.I.Bill”的法案來(lái)保障人們接受高等教育的權(quán)利，選項(xiàng)C與之吻合，故正確。A項(xiàng)加速信息技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)變革，C項(xiàng)促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化，均未提及，故排除。D項(xiàng)是干擾項(xiàng)，雖提及要頒布更多法案，但頒布法案的目的實(shí)際是為了保障教育，故也排除。
25.【答案】C
【解析】該題是主旨大意題，主要考查考生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容凝練主旨大意的能力。從整個(gè)文章的脈絡(luò)來(lái)看，第一段以亞當(dāng)?大衛(wèi)森一篇論文中關(guān)于現(xiàn)代工廠自動(dòng)化與僅需要一人一狗兩個(gè)員工的一則笑話，揭示了科技進(jìn)步給人們帶來(lái)的影響。第二三段是科技的進(jìn)步引起工廠自動(dòng)化水平提高，普通員工如果沒(méi)有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力和突出優(yōu)勢(shì)，就很容易失去工作，因此也對(duì)員工提出了更高的要求(extra-unique value contribution)。第四段就是員工只有不斷地提高自己的教育水平，才能讓自己脫穎而出(to have more and better education to make themselves above average)。最后一段點(diǎn)明主題，average is officially over。由此可見(jiàn)，全文一直在圍繞這一宏觀主線展開，這一主線也統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全文，所以正確答案為C。
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