出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng)高考頻道在考試后及時(shí)公布各科高考試題答案和高考作文及試卷專家點(diǎn)評(píng)，請(qǐng)廣大考生家長(zhǎng)關(guān)注。時(shí)光飛逝，暑假過(guò)去了，新學(xué)期開(kāi)始了，不管情愿與否，無(wú)論準(zhǔn)備與否，我們已走進(jìn)高三，走近我們的夢(mèng)!祝愿決戰(zhàn)2014高考的新高三學(xué)員能倍加努力，在2014年高考中也能取得優(yōu)異的成績(jī)。
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法比較
一、不定式與動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的比較
不定式和動(dòng)名詞在作主語(yǔ)時(shí)常?？梢曰Q： Crying/To cry will not help you out of difficulty 但是要注意以下的幾點(diǎn)：
1. 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)通常表示抽象動(dòng)作，而不定式作主語(yǔ)通常表示抽象動(dòng)作，而不定式做主
語(yǔ)通常表示具體動(dòng)作。試比較：
Living in Beijing must be wonderful.(泛指行為)
He realized that to live with her any longer was wrong (具體行為) 2. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)被否定時(shí)，通常用不定式：
Not to have hope is the poorest of all conditions
3. 在It is important/necessary…的結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語(yǔ)只能用不定式，不用動(dòng)名詞：
It is important to grasp the spirit of a foreign language in order to use it feely. It became necessary to build new factories for products never before produced 4. 在It takes+時(shí)間等+。¨的結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語(yǔ)常用不定式：
How much cloth will it take to make a shirt?
5. 在There is no … 和It is no good …結(jié)構(gòu)中，通常用動(dòng)名詞 二、不定式與動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)的比較
不定式和動(dòng)名詞在作表語(yǔ)時(shí)常常可以互換： His job is bringing/to bring milk every day
但是，當(dāng)不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，表語(yǔ)用不定式;動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，表語(yǔ)也用動(dòng)名詞。
To see is to believe. Seeing is believing.
此外，還應(yīng)注意以下兩點(diǎn)：
1. 主語(yǔ)是it，this，that等指示代詞時(shí)，表語(yǔ)通常用動(dòng)名詞：
That was playing with fire.
2. 主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)，表語(yǔ)較短時(shí)通常用動(dòng)名詞，表語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)通常用不定式：
My favorite sport is swimming.
What I like is to swim in the sea and then to lie on the sand
三、不定式與動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)的比較
1. 接不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)意義區(qū)別不大的動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有：begin，start，continue，love，
like，propose等：
Almost all the boys like to play/playing football . 但以上的動(dòng)詞中有一部分在下列情況下通常用不定式作賓語(yǔ)：
1) 在would like/love/hate等的后面：
I'd like(love)to have a drink.
I'm starting to talk about it.
3) 當(dāng)begin后接某些感覺(jué)或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)：
She began to see what he meant.
2. 接不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，意義不同的動(dòng)詞或詞組常見(jiàn)的有：
1) remember/forget/regret+doing或to do sth
I must remember to ask him (指記住要做的事)
I shall always remember seeing the famous scientist (指記住己經(jīng)發(fā)生過(guò)的事) Don’t forget to bring your dictionary.(不要忘記要做的事)
I will never forget meeting you here (不會(huì)忘記曾發(fā)生過(guò)的事)
I regret telling you so much (懊悔己經(jīng)作過(guò)的事=I'm sorry told you so much。)
I regret to tell you that you have failed your exam(regret發(fā)生在to tell之前，=I’m sorry
to tell you…)
可見(jiàn)，上述用法中，動(dòng)名詞指己經(jīng)發(fā)生的事，不定式指發(fā)生在renumber, forget或
regret以后的事。要注意：可以用動(dòng)名詞的完成式替代一般式;通常不用*I forgot
doing it 而說(shuō)：I forgot that I had done it 或I forgot about doing it.
2) stop/go on/leave of+doing或to do sth.
They stopped smoking (停止吸煙) They stopped to smoke (停下所做的事，開(kāi)始吸煙) He went on reading (繼續(xù)讀) He went on to read.(放下原來(lái)做的事，轉(zhuǎn)而讀書(shū)) He left off playing tennis (停止打網(wǎng)球) They left off to play tennis (離開(kāi)某處去打網(wǎng)球) 以上stop，leave off或go on后面的不定式都不是其賓語(yǔ)，而是作目的狀語(yǔ)。 3) try+to do或doing sth. He'll try to finish the work as soon as possible.
Please try putting some more salt- that might make it taste a bit better.
try to do sth.中，try是不及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“沒(méi)法、努力、盡力”，to do sth作目的
狀語(yǔ);try doing sth中，try是及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“嘗試、試一試”，看會(huì)發(fā)生什么情
2) 當(dāng)這部分動(dòng)詞是進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)：
況，動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。
4) mean+to do/doing sth.
接不定式時(shí)，意思是“有„的意圖、打算。
I meant to telephone you last Friday but I didn’t have time to.
接動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，意為“意味著”，“就是„
This kind of illness means going to hospital.
接動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，此處也能用不定式的被動(dòng)形式代換，但用動(dòng)名詞較為常見(jiàn)：
The room wants repairing ( = to be repaired)
The radio needs fixing ( = to be fixed)
6) be afraid+to do sth?；騩f doing sth.
接帶to的不定式時(shí)，意為“不敢”做某事，“害怕”做某事： She was afraid to see you again.
接“of+動(dòng)名詞”時(shí)，意為“擔(dān)心”或“害怕”發(fā)生某種情況： 5) need/want/require+doing(=to be done)。
I'm afraid of making mistakes when I speak English.
7) be interested+to do sth。/in doing sth。
My sister is interested in becoming a doctor.
(指她想當(dāng)醫(yī)生，動(dòng)名詞表示將要發(fā)生的事。)
My sister is interested to be a doctor。
(指她當(dāng)醫(yī)生后感到有意思，不定式表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事。)
3. 除了一部分既可接不定式、也可按動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞外，還有一部分動(dòng)詞后面只能接
不定式作賓語(yǔ);另有一部分動(dòng)詞和成語(yǔ)后只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。關(guān)于這兩點(diǎn)可以參看前面講到的不定式和動(dòng)名詞條款。
四、to be done，being done或done(作定語(yǔ))
不定式被動(dòng)式、現(xiàn)在分詞一般被動(dòng)式與過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，存在時(shí)間關(guān)系上的區(qū)別。例如： The power station to be built next year will be of great benefit to the industry and agriculture of our Province.(to be built指將來(lái) =which will be bui1t)
The power station being built now will be one of the largest in Asia.(being built=which is being built.
The power station built on the river last year has been left to our management.(built on the river指己完成 = which was bui1t on the river )
五、不定式和分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)的比較
1. 在see，hear，find等一類表示感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞后：
1) 不帶to不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示其動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，并強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作
發(fā)生的全過(guò)程或事實(shí)： We saw the computer operate well 2) 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示其動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行： We saw the computer operating very well
3) 過(guò)去分詞則往往表示動(dòng)作完成的狀態(tài)：
We found the work of the computer done
2. 表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：consider，declare， find，prove，think，know，believe，discover，imagine，judge，suppose，understand的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一般，用 to be：
We found him to be cruel.
You surely can’t consider him to be selfish man.
| 2013年部分省市高考試題匯總 | ||
|---|---|---|
| 2013江蘇物理試題及答案解析 | 2013新疆理綜試題答案 | 2013內(nèi)蒙古理科試卷答案 |
| 2013寧夏理綜試題及答案解析 | 2013西藏理科試卷及答案 | 2013江蘇地理試題及答案解析 |
| 2013江蘇歷史試題及答案 | 2013江蘇真題及答案(政治) | 2013安徽數(shù)學(xué)真題(理科) |
| 2013江蘇歷史試題及答案解析 |
2013廣東數(shù)學(xué)真題(理科)試卷 | 2013廣東數(shù)學(xué)真題(文科)試卷 |
|
出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng)高考頻道為您搜集整理 |
||
| 高考語(yǔ)文復(fù)習(xí)資料 | 高考數(shù)學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)資料 | 高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)資料 | 高考文綜復(fù)習(xí)資料 | 高考理綜復(fù)習(xí)資料 |
| 高考語(yǔ)文模擬試題 | 高考數(shù)學(xué)模擬試題 | 高考英語(yǔ)模擬試題 | 高考文綜模擬試題 | 高考理綜模擬試題 |
| 高中學(xué)習(xí)方法 | 高考復(fù)習(xí)方法 | 高考狀元學(xué)習(xí)方法 | 高考飲食攻略 | 高考勵(lì)志名言 |