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中考專(zhuān)題三：代詞
| 單數(shù) |
復(fù)數(shù) |
|||
| 主格 | 賓格 | 主格 | 賓格 | |
| 第一人稱(chēng) | I | me | we | us |
| 第二人稱(chēng) | you | you | you | you |
| 第三人稱(chēng) | it/she/he | it/her/him | they | them |
1.主格作主語(yǔ),賓格作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ).
He teaches ______(we) Chinese .
2.三種人稱(chēng)代詞并列時(shí),順序?yàn)?
單數(shù):二,三,一 (You, she and I ) 復(fù)數(shù):一,二,三 (we , you and they )
注:若把責(zé)任擔(dān),第一人稱(chēng)最當(dāng)先,(即若做錯(cuò)事時(shí),把第一人稱(chēng)放在最前面.)
She and I have been to Beijing .
Who broke the window ? I and Mike .
注：it 還有一些特別的用法。
1)用作形式主語(yǔ),常用于 ―It’s +adj +to do sth‖句型中.
2) 用在句型: ―It seems that …‖中.
3) 用在句型: ―It’s one’s turn to do sth‖中. 4) 用在句型: ―It’s time to do sth / for sth‖中. 5) 用在句型: ―It’s +adj +that 從句‖中.
6) 用作形式賓語(yǔ), 用來(lái)代替動(dòng)詞不定式. make /think /feel/find + it + adj (名詞)+ to do sth .
| 第一人稱(chēng) | 第二人稱(chēng) | 第三人稱(chēng) | ||||
| 單數(shù) | 復(fù)數(shù) | 單數(shù) | 復(fù)數(shù) | 單數(shù) | 復(fù)數(shù) | |
| 形容詞性 | my | our | your | your | it/his/her | their |
| 名詞性 | mine | ours | yours | yours | its/hie/hers | theirs |
| 單數(shù) | 復(fù)數(shù) | |
| 第一人稱(chēng) | myself | ourselves |
| 第二人稱(chēng) | yourself | yourselves |
| 第三人稱(chēng) | himself/herself/itself | themselves |
1. 形容詞性的物主代詞作定語(yǔ)放在名詞前，不能單獨(dú)使用。
2. 名詞性的物主代詞，后面不能加名詞。名詞性的物主代詞常與of 連用。 Our classroom is as big as ______(they) . This is a friend of ______(my).
注: 1)名詞性的物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞性的物主代詞加一個(gè)名詞.
(名詞性的物主代詞=形容詞性的物主代詞+ 名詞)
2)形容詞性的物主代詞與own 連用時(shí),后面可跟名詞也可不跟名詞. My own house = a house of my own 記憶小竅門(mén):
反身代詞有規(guī)律,第三人稱(chēng)賓格加self.其余都要物主加self,復(fù)數(shù)ves來(lái)把f替.
反身代詞的常用搭配:
enjoy oneself hurt oneself teach oneself = learn…by oneslf all by oneself help oneself to … look after oneself leave sb by oneself lose oneself in
say to oneself for oneself dress oneself improve oneself see oneself in the mirror 四.指示代詞
1.近指: this these 遠(yuǎn)指: that those 2.用法:
1)that those 常用來(lái)代替前面出現(xiàn)的人或物,以避免重復(fù). That代替可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞. Those 代替復(fù)數(shù)名詞.
The weather in Guangdong is hotter than _____ in Qinghai . The books in that shop are cheaper than ______in this shop. A.this B.that C.one D.those
2)this ,that 可代替句子或句子的一個(gè)部分,that代替前面提到的句子而this代替下面提到的句子.
He had a bad cold ,that is why he didn’t come . 3)在電話(huà)用語(yǔ)中,this 代替自己,而that 代替對(duì)方. This is Tom speaking . Who is that ? 五.不定代詞的區(qū)別. 1.one與it 的區(qū)別
One 代替同類(lèi)事物中的一種. 而it代替上文中出現(xiàn)的某事物.
This book is a good one . May I borrow it ?
2.some與any 的區(qū)別
一般情況下,some用于肯定句,any用于否定,疑問(wèn)句,條件句中.但在表建議的疑問(wèn)句中,仍用some 代any. 常用于could / would / May 開(kāi)頭或what about /how about …. 的句中。 May I have some water ?
He asked me for some paper , but I didn’t have any .
3.many與much的區(qū)別
Many+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù) Much+不可數(shù)名詞 都相當(dāng)于 a lot of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞
注:a lot of 不能用于否定句中. 否定句中用many /much .
5.each / every 的區(qū)別
each 表示兩者或兩者以上的人或物中的每一個(gè).而every 表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的每一個(gè).
There are trees and frowers on _____ side of the street .
______ student has read a story .
注:each 可以與of 連用, each of 作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).而every 不能與of 連用.只能放在名詞前作定語(yǔ).
Each of us _______(study )hard .
6.no one 與none 的區(qū)別
no one 表示沒(méi)有人, 不能與of 連用. 而none of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞/ 代詞，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)常用單數(shù)。.
The boys were all tired , but _____ of them stopped to have a rest .
7.both /neither /either /all / none / any 的區(qū)別
There are many trees on ____ side of the river . A. both B.any C.either D.all
注: 1). both 的否定詞是neither , all的否定詞是none.
2).both of 作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).
neither of作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).
Neither of the answers ______(be) right .
Both of my parents _______(be) workers.
3).詞組
A) both …and …連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù). 同義詞組:not only …but also … 反義詞組: neither … nor …
Not only you but also she likes watching TV.= ____ you _____ she like watching TV .= You like watching TV , _____ _____ she .
B) either …or … 或者……或者…… , neither…nor… 既不……也不…… 連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞實(shí)行就近原則.
Neither you nor he ______ (be ) right .
One of Lily and Lucy is going to the park. = _____ Lily _____Lucy _____ going to the park.
C) either 也可用于否定句中的 ―也‖
D) neither 也可表示 ― 也不‖ 句型: neither … sb 某人也不怎么樣.
If you don’t go there , _____ _____ I . (我也不去)
4) how many /how much 的回答:用none回答.
Who 的回答:用no one 回答.
What 的回答:用nothing 回答.
How many students are there in the classroom ? __________.
Who can answer the question ? _______.
A. None B.No one C.Nothing
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