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A
An overweight, middle-aged man lies dead on a trolley, with a woman weeping over his body. The body' s cold hand still grasps a half-eaten McDonald ’ s hamburger. American doctors‘ TV ad features the image which
weakens the slightest of appetites and the line ’ I was lovin ’ it ’
The hard-hitting US television commercial supported by a Washington-based medical group has angered McDonald ’ s by taking an unusually direct shot at the world ’ s biggest fast-food chain this week. The line is a twist on McDonald’ s long-standing advertising slogan, "I'm lovin’ it” and a voiceover intones：“High cholesterol, high blood pressure, heart attacks. Tonight, make it vegetarian.”
The commercial，funded by the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine ( PCRM ) goes further than most non-profit advertising and has drawn an angry reaction from both the Chicago-based hamburger multinational and the broader restaurant industry.
The National Restaurant Association criticised it as "irresponsible" and said it was an attempt to scare the public with a ‘‘limited” view of nutrition. A McDonald’ s spokesman said：‘‘This commercial is unbearable, misleading and unfair to all consumers. McDonald ’ s trusts our customers to make food and lifestyle choices that are right for them. ”
The commercial，to be aired at the beginning in the Washington area but potentially in fuither US cities, comes amid an increasingly lively debate in the US about healthy eating. The first lady, Michelle Obamarhas made nutrition a signature issue and is leading a campaign to encourage physical fitness and improved diets ------- particularly among American children，a third of whom are overweight.
The economic decline has hardly helped the healthy eating cause. McDonald ’ s has enjoyed a relatively prosperous financial crisis as diners choose its affordable offerings in place of more expensive high-street restaurants. Its global profits for the six months to June were up 12% to $ 2. 3billion, powered by sales rises both in the United States and Britain.
The PCRM’ s director of nutrition education, Susan Levin, made no apologies for singling out the golden arches(拱門)： “ McDonald' s is one of the biggest fast-food chains in the world. Its name and its golden arches are instantly recognisable. We feel we ’ re making a point about all fast food when we talk about McDonald ’ s. ”
1. The ad-maker makes a change in the McDonald ’ s slogan _________. A. to warn people of risk of eating fast food B. to convince people of cause of the death C. to remind people of the man’ s preference
D. to accuse the McDonald’ s of the murder
答案解析：答案為A。由第二段 “The line is a twist on McDonald’ s long-standing advertising slogan, "I'm lovin’ it” and a voiceover intones: ‘High cholesterol, high blood pressure, heart attacks. Tonight, make it vegetarian.’”可知，廣告商對麥當勞的標語進行了改變是因為麥當勞的食物含有高膽固醇，它還會導致高血壓，心臟病，因此廣告商們警告人們吃麥當勞食物的危險，故答案為A。D選項“控告麥當勞謀殺”夸大了廣告商的意圖，故不選。
2. The goal of this passage is to tell us that__________. A. the TV commercial goes too far
B. people enjoy eating fast food for its taste C. Michelle Obama’ s campaign doesn' t work D. McDonald' s provides unhealthy food
答案解析：答案為D。本題考查文章的寫作目的。文章第一、二段介紹了廣告商對麥當勞的標語進行了改變，意在警告人們麥當勞食物的危險性，后面的內(nèi)容介紹了這樣的廣告惹怒了麥當勞和快餐飲食業(yè)，然而這種非盈利的廣告還是得到了公眾的支持，并且美國第一夫人Michelle Obama也在健康飲食運動中簽字，最后一段重申了PCRM總會長Susan Levin的意見，對于打擊麥當勞沒有任何歉意，快餐食品危害人們的健康。因此，本文的寫作目的就是告訴人們麥當勞的食物不健康。A、B、C都與寫作目的無關，故不選。
3. “The golden arches” in the last paragraph refers to _________. A. the line B. the ad C. McDonald' s D. fast food
答案解析：答案為C。本題為詞義猜測題。由最后一段“the golden arches(金色的拱門)”后面的內(nèi)容 “McDonald' s is one of the biggest fast-food chains in the world. Its name and its golden arches are instantly recognisable.”可知，“The golden arches”指代的是麥當勞，故答案為C。 4. What is the theme of the passage?
A. A fierce debate about healthy eating B. McDonald ’ s targeted in US health ad C. A US health ad advocates healthy life D. Say goodbye to McDonald' s right now
答案解析：答案為B。本題考查文章的主題。結(jié)合第2題的分析可知，本文的主題是圍繞麥當勞成為美國健康飲食廣告的打擊對象而展開，故答案為B。
B
For much of the world, vegetarianism (素食主義) is largely a matter of economics: Meat costs a lot more than beans or rice, so meat becomes a special-occasion dish. Even where meat is more plentiful, it’s still used in control, and it often provides a side note to a meal rather than taking center stage.
In countries like the United States where meat is not as expensive, though, people choose to be vegetarians for reasons other than cost. Parental preferences, religious or other beliefs, and health problems are
among the most common reasons for choosing to be a vegetarian. Many people choose a vegetarian diet out of concern over animal rights or the environment. And lots of people have more than one reason for choosing vegetarianism.
Different people follow different forms of vegetarianism. A true vegetarian eats no meat at all, including chicken and fish. A lactoovo vegetarian eats dairy products (乳制品) and eggs, but keeps out meat, fish, and chicken. It follows, then, that a lacto vegetarian eats dairy products but not eggs, and an ovo vegetarian eats eggs but not dairy products. A stricter form of vegetarianism is veganism. Not only are eggs and dairy products excluded (排除) from a vegan diet, so are animal products like honey. Some macrobiotic (養(yǎng)生的) diets fall into the vegan category. Macrobiotic diets limit not only animal products but also refined and processed foods, foods with preservatives, and foods that contain caffeine or other stimulants (刺激物).
Following a macrobiotic or vegan diet could lead to nutritional deficiencies (營養(yǎng)不足) in some people. Teens need to be sure their diets include enough nutrients to fuel growth, particularly protein and calcium. If you’re interested in following a vegan or macrobiotic diet it’s a good idea to talk to a registered dietitian. He or she can help you design meal plans that include enough nutrients.
1. The underlined sentence in the first paragraph probably means ______. A. there is usually a note beside the meat in a meal B. meat often attracts people’s attention in a meal C. meat is served only a small amount in a meal D. meat should play an important part in a meal 答案解析：答案為C。本題為語義理解題。結(jié)合劃線句子前面的內(nèi)容 “Even where meat is more plentiful, it’s still used in control” 可知，甚至是肉非常多的地方，人們?nèi)匀豢刂迫獾倪M食量，因此肉在飲食中只是 “a side note” 而不是“center stage.”，因此劃線句子意思是肉在飲食中只占少量，故答案為C。
2. Which of the following is NOT the reason for Americans being vegetarians?
A. They are environmentally friendly.
B. They are concerned about the rights of animals. C. They worry about their own health. D. They can’t afford to buy meat. 答案解析：答案為D。本題為細節(jié)題。由第二段 “In countries like the United States where meat is not as expensive, though, people choose to be vegetarians for reasons other than cost.” 可知，除了因為肉的花費原因外.，美國人選擇素食有諸多原因。故答案為D。 3. A vegan diet will include ______.
A. neither animal products nor diary products B. diary products but no eggs
C. animal products like honey D. processed food
答案解析：答案為A。本題為細節(jié)題。由倒數(shù)第二段 “A stricter form of vegetarianism is veganism. Not only are eggs and dairy products excluded from a vegan diet, so are animal products like honey.”可知，vegan diet里排除了eggs and dairy products，還排除了animal products ，故答案為A。 4. According to the passage, the author would probably think that ______. A. all the people should become vegetarians B. teens should be careful to be vegetarians
C. vegetarianism is not a good thing for the world D. vegetarianism can make a country develop faster
答案解析：答案為B。本題為細節(jié)推理題。由最后一段可知，素食有可能導致營養(yǎng)不良，特別是青少年處于生長發(fā)育，飲食要有足夠的營養(yǎng)，如果青少年對素食感興趣，應該咨詢營養(yǎng)學家，因此作者認為青少年應該對變成素食主義者非常小心，故答案為B。
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