? ? 專業(yè)碩士英語(yǔ)考試中，虛擬語(yǔ)氣是重要的考查點(diǎn)，暑期復(fù)習(xí)中，專碩考生要格外重視。英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)如下：
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一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的常見(jiàn)類型和句型：
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（1） 由wish引起的表示愿望的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
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A.用wish表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的愿望時(shí)，它所引起的賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為：過(guò)去式（be動(dòng)詞用were）。
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B.用wish表示對(duì)將來(lái)的愿望時(shí)，它所引起的賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為：would， could， might+ 動(dòng)詞原形。
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C.wish用于對(duì)過(guò)去的事實(shí)表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為：had+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞或could， would + have +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。
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The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it.
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--“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.”
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--“That's all right， but I wish he would buy one of his own.”
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I wish that he weren't so lazy.
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（2） had hoped引起的賓語(yǔ)從句中備用語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為would+動(dòng)詞原形，表示一種過(guò)去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或令人失望的事。
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His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him，but his son became an artist later.
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（3） would （had） rather， would as soon， would sooner和would prefer所引起的從句中要求用過(guò)去式表示當(dāng)時(shí)或?qū)?lái)的情況，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的情況，表示希望或婉轉(zhuǎn)的責(zé)備。例如：
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I'd rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把這封信立刻寄出去。
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I would prefer he didn't stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那兒可得太久。
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I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把這本書(shū)還了。
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（4） It's （high， about） time that 句型中that從句中要求用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式，即動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去式。
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It's time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown.
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It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.現(xiàn)在是我們?cè)摻Y(jié)束講座的時(shí)候了。
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（5）as， 或者whether…or…謂語(yǔ)多用be的原形，引導(dǎo)讓步虛擬從句，這種用法通常采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：
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Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions， be they Christian， Islamivc， Buddhist， Jewish， and so on.
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The business of each day， be it selling goods or shipping them， went quite smoothly.
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（6）由連接詞in case， so that ，unless， lest ，for fear that引起的狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬形式，即should（might， would）+動(dòng)詞原形，例如：
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She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她在那個(gè)嬰兒身上蓋上了毯子以免他著涼。
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The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.
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（7） if it were not for…與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反， if it had not been for與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，兩個(gè)都相當(dāng)于but for：
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If it had not been for his help（=but for his help），we would not have succeeded.
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（8） 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于as if（though）引起的方式狀語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句中，其動(dòng)詞形式與wish賓語(yǔ)從句的形式相同。例如：She often laughs spontaneously， and her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above.她常常發(fā)出發(fā)自內(nèi)心的微笑，而且她那美好的情緒像天上一道明亮的陽(yáng)光一樣，常常流露出來(lái)。
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They talked as if they had been friends for years.他們交談著，就好像他們是我年的老朋友一樣。
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She looks as if she would cry.她看起來(lái)好像要哭了。
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（9）其它各種句型， as though， suppose， had rather， supposing， if only等等If I were in a movie， then it would be about time that I buried my head in my hands for a cry.
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二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的重點(diǎn)是：
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（1）一些常見(jiàn)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句型或結(jié)構(gòu)。
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（2）虛擬語(yǔ)氣的特殊形式，即用來(lái)表示要求、的建議、的命令、的提議、的意愿等的主語(yǔ)從句、的賓語(yǔ)從句、的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬形式。
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（3）主從句表示不同的時(shí)間概念、的事實(shí)或假設(shè)情況，從而交錯(cuò)成為復(fù)合虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
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（4）含蓄條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的表示愿望的虛擬形式。
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虛擬語(yǔ)氣是專業(yè)碩士考生英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)，考生掌握學(xué)習(xí)技巧，將會(huì)事半功倍，考取英語(yǔ)高分。
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