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高考英語陷阱題總結(jié)歸納——形容詞與副詞
◆典型陷阱題分析◆
1. We don‘t care if a hunting dog smells _____, but we really don‘t want him to smell ____.
A. well, well B. bad, bad
C. well, badly D. badly, bad
【陷阱】容易誤選B,認(rèn)為兩個smell 均為連系動詞,后接形容詞作表語。
【分析】這是1995年的一道上海高考題,最佳答案為D。句中的第一個 smell 為實義動詞,意為“聞氣味”、“嗅覺”,smell badly 意為“嗅覺差”;第二個 smell 為連
系動詞,意為“聞起來(有某種氣味)”,smell bad 意為“聞起來氣味難聞”。全句意為“我們并不介意一條獵狗的嗅覺不好,但我們的確不希望它的氣味難聞”。
2. ―_____ do you think of your English teacher?‖ ―Oh, he is an _____ man.‖
A. What, interesting B. What, interested
C. How, interesting D. How, interested
【陷阱】容易誤選D,認(rèn)為第一空應(yīng)填 how,表示“如何”;第二空應(yīng)填 interested,因為有的書上說 –ing 形容詞主要說明事物,-ed 形容詞主要說明人。
【分析】其實最佳答案應(yīng)是A。英語中表示漢語的“你覺得……如何?”時,可用How do you like ...? 或 What do you think of ...? 注意兩者搭配不同,即 like 與 how 搭配,think of 與 what 搭配。另一方面,有的書認(rèn)為:-ing形容詞說明事,-ed形容詞說明人。此說法在很多情況下是可行的,但表述欠嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)谋硎鰬?yīng)該是:表示使(別)人感到如何, 用-ing形容詞;表示人自己本身感到如何,用-ed形容詞。比較: All the children are interested. 所有的孩子都很感興趣。
All the children are interesting. 所有的孩子都很有趣。
I read an interested expression on his face. 我看到他臉上露出一種感興趣的表情。 I read an interesting expression on his face. 我看到他臉上露出一種有趣的表情。 再比較:
He is frightened. 他很害怕。
He is frightening. 他很嚇人。
He has a frightened look on his face. 他臉上帶有驚恐的神情。
He has a frightening look on his face. 他臉上帶有嚇人的神情。
3. The operation was successful, but I still felt _____.
A. very painful B. much painful
C. a lot of pain D. very paining
【陷阱】容易誤選A,想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為:pain 表示“痛”,其形容詞painful自然表示表示“感到疼痛的”。
【分析】其實 painful 的意思并不是“感到疼痛的”,而是表示“使人感到疼痛的”、“使人感到痛苦的”,所以它通常用于說明事物,而不宜用于說明人。比較并體會:
他仍很痛苦。
正:He is still in pain.
誤:He’s still painful.
你感到痛嗎?
正:Do you feel any pain?
誤:Are you painful?
見到你這樣生活我很痛心。
正:I am pained to see you living this way.
誤:I am painful to see you living this way.
聽到他的死訊,我們都很痛苦。
誤:We were all painful to hear of his death.
正:We were all pained to hear of his death.
他眼睛痛。
正:He has painful eyes.
誤:He’s painful in the eyes.
4. ―Our team is _____ to win the match.‖ ―Really? But I don‘t think so.‖
A. easy B. difficult
C. possible D. sure
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選,因為假若單純從中文意思來看,四個答案均說得通。
【分析】正確答案為D,A、B、C三項填入空格處雖然從漢語來看說得通,但不合英語習(xí)慣。因為按英語習(xí)慣,easy 和difficult 后接不定式時,其主語(或邏輯主語)通常應(yīng)是 it,而不能是具體的人或物,除非這個主語與其后不定式有動賓關(guān)系。如: 他回答案這個問題很容易。
誤:He’s very easy to answer this quesiton.
正:It is very easy for her to answer this quesiton. (用形式主語 it 作主語)
正:The question is very easy for her to answer. (主語為具體的事物,但它與其后不定式有動賓關(guān)系,即 to answer this quesiton)
我們很難在半小時內(nèi)完成這工作。
誤:We are very difficult to finish the work in half an hour.
正:It is very difficult for us to finish the work in half an hour. (用形式主語 it 作主語) 對possible 來說,后接不定式時,其主語只能是 it,不能是具體的人或事物,即使該主語與其后的不定式有動賓關(guān)系也不可以。如:
我們可能會贏得這場比賽。
誤:We are possible to win the match.
誤:The match is possible for us to win.
正:It is possible that we will win the match.
正:It is possible for us to win the match.
5. I think he is _____ to tell us the secret, but I‘m not sure.
A. possible B. likely
C. impossible D. certain
【陷阱】A、B、C三項均有可能被選擇。
【分析】根據(jù)句意首先排除D;再根據(jù)上面一題的分析,排除A和C;也就是說,此題最佳答案為B。注意likely 的用法,它與possible所用句型不同,請看實例: Are we likely to arrive in time? 我們會及時趕到嗎?
It’s very likely that he will ring me tonight. 今晚他很可能會給我來電話。
They will very likely come by car. 他們很可能會坐汽車來。(該句中的likely為副詞,而前兩句中的likely為形容詞)
6. Let‘s make it at seven o‘clock on Tuesday morning at my office if ________.
A. you‘re convenient B. it is convenient for you
C. you feel convenient D. it is convenient with you
【陷阱】容易誤選A或C,因為許多同學(xué)將漢語中的“如果你方便的話”直譯為 if you are convenient 或 if you feel convenient。
【分析】最佳答案為B,因為英語中的 convenient不是表示“感到方便的”,而是表示“使人感到方便的”,所以 be convenient 的主語通常不能是“人”。要表示“如果你方便的話”,英語通常 if it is convenient for [to] you,其中的介詞可用 for 或 to,但一般不用 with。順便說一句,偶爾也可見到用人或物作 be convenient的主語,但此時的句子必須具備這樣的特點:句子主語是其后不定式的邏輯賓語,如:
Mary is convenient to see on Sunday. / It is convenient to see Mary on Sunday. 星期天去見瑪麗較為方便。
The furniture is convenient to move. / It is convenient to move the furniture. 這家具搬起來很方便。
7. We were two hours late that day, which was due to the ______.
A. crowded traffic B. crowded traffics
C. busy traffic D. busy traffics
【陷阱】容易誤選A,因為許多同學(xué)將漢語中的“擁擠的交通”直譯為 crowded
traffic(s);由于 traffic 不可數(shù),排除含 traffics 的選項,所以許多考生便選定答案A。
【分析】其實,此題的最佳答案是C,因為英語的 traffic 習(xí)慣上不用 crowded 修飾,而用 busy 或 heavy 修飾,以說明“交通”的“擁擠”。類似這樣的在修飾語方面需特別注意的還有:
(1) 漢語的“綠茶”說成英語是green tea,但相應(yīng)的“紅茶”卻是black tea 而不是 red tea。
(2) 可說thick soup(濃湯),但不說thick coffee (tea);要表示“濃咖啡(茶)”,可用strong coffee (tea)。
(3) 可說thin soup(稀湯),但不說thin coffee (tea);要表示“淡咖啡(茶)”,可用weak coffee (tea)。
8. Mary is very clever and _____ worth teaching, but her brother is not. Look, he is now _____ asleep in class.
A. very, very B. much, very
C. well, very D. well, fast
【陷阱】容易誤選A,因為許多學(xué)生往往將漢語中的“很”與英語中的 very 等同。
【分析】但是,許多漢語中的“很”是不能用英語中的 very 來直譯的。如漢語“我很喜歡英語”,在英語中就不能說成 I very like English,而應(yīng)說成 I like English very much,因為副詞 very 在英語中習(xí)慣上不用來修飾動詞。上面一題不能選A,是因為
形容詞 worth 和 asleep 習(xí)慣上不能用副詞 very 來修飾,而是分別用 well 和 fast修飾,即說成 be well worth doing sth(很值得做某事),be fast (或 sound) asleep(熟睡),所以此題的最佳答案應(yīng)選D。
9. ―Could I take your order now?‖ ―Yes. One _____ tea and two _____ coffees.‖
A. black, white B. red, white
C. black, green D. red, black
【陷阱】容易誤選B或D。
【分析】按漢語習(xí)慣,在“茶”前要加表顏色的形容詞通常應(yīng)是“紅”和“綠”,即說“紅茶”和“綠茶”。但是在英語中,人們雖然可直接用 green tea來表示“綠茶”,但卻不能直接用 red tea 來表示“紅茶”,漢語中的“紅茶”說成英語應(yīng)是 black tea,所以第一空應(yīng)填black,即選A或C。對于第二空,coffee 前通常使用的表顏色的形容詞是 white 和 black,其中 white coffee 指“牛奶咖啡”(因牛奶呈白色),black coffee 指“沒有加牛奶的咖啡”(即純咖啡或清咖啡),由此可知上題的最佳答案應(yīng)是A。
10. Entering the house we found him lying on the bed with his mouth _______ and eyes _______.
A. open, close B. opened, closed
C. opened, close D. open, closed
【陷阱】此題很容易誤選A。
【分析】答案應(yīng)選 D。open 和 close 均可用作動詞,前者表示“開”,后者表示“關(guān)”,是一對反義詞,如:
Please open your mouth and close your eyes. 請張開嘴,閉上眼。
但是 open 和 close 也可用作形容詞,此時前者意為“開著的”,后者意為“接近的”、“親近的”等,而并不表示“關(guān)著的”,要表示“關(guān)著的”,英語用 closed,即用作形容詞時,open 與close 不是一對反義詞,而與 closed 才是反義詞。
11. A ______ road goes ______ from one place to another.
A. straight, straight B. straightly, straightly
C. straight, straightly D. straightly, straight
【陷阱】容易誤選C。認(rèn)為straightly 是straight 的副詞形式。
【分析】在現(xiàn)代英語中,straight 既可用作形容詞,也可用作副詞。而straightly這個副詞在現(xiàn)代英語中已被廢棄,許多詞典均不再收錄此詞。所以此題最佳答案應(yīng)選A。
◆精編陷阱題訓(xùn)練◆
1. It was _____ opportunity to miss.
A. too good an B. a too good
C. too a good D. too good
2. I don‘t like it at all. It can‘t be _____.
A. better B. worse
C. best D. worst
3. There was nothing special about this film — it was only ______.
A. particular B. average
C. interesting D. strange
4. She looks very _____ but I can‘t remember her name.
A. similar
C. friendly B. familiar D. strange
5. He said he would return the money, and I was ______.
A. fool enough to believe him
B. enough fool to believe him
C. fool enough believing him
D. enough fool believing him
6. ―This book is ______ more useful for us students.‖ ―Yes, but it is _______ too difficult.‖
A. quite, quite B. much, rather
C. rather, quite D. quite, much
7. The children all looked _____ at the broken model plane and felt quite _____.
A. sad, sad B. sadly, sadly
C. sad, sadly D. sadly, sad
8. The child dreamed that he had once lived in a _______ house in the forest.
A. wooden pretty little B. little pretty wooden
C. pretty little wooden D. wooden little pretty
9. He wanted to read more, so he asked his friends if there was _______ to read.
A. something easy enough
C. enough easy something B. something enough easy D. easy enough something
10. The doctor assured the patient that there was ______ with her, but she could not help worrying.
A. seriously wrong nothing B. nothing serious wrong
C. nothing seriously wrong D. serious nothing wrong
11. —How is your father?
—He‘s fine. He‘s______ to play tennis every Sunday.
A. enough active still B. enough still active
C. still active enough D. still enough active
12. —Did you wash your new suit in hot water?
—Of course not. I am not ______ foolish.
A. very B. that
C. very much D. too
13.—Which team is _______ to win the game?
—I don‘t know, but I‘ve found _______ for ours to win.
A. probable; it unlikely B. likely; it possible
C. possible; it possible D. likely; it possibly
14. He didn‘t understand the _______ question, so there was a ______ expression on his face.
A. puzzling; puzzled B. puzzling; puzzling
C. puzzled; puzzled D. puzzled; puzzling
15. She can speak _______ in front of Mack, but she can‘t eat ______ in his restaurant.
A. free, free B. free, freely
C. freely, free D. freely, freely
16. It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood ____ to her mother.
A. close B. closely
C. closed D. closing
17. Fred is second to none in maths in our class, but believe it or not, he _______ passed the last exam.
A. easily
C. actually
◆答案與解析◆
1. 選A,too … to … 結(jié)構(gòu)除用于“too + 形容詞或副詞 + to do sth”外,也可用于“too + 形容詞 + a / an + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + to do sth”。
2. 選B,it can’t be worse 相當(dāng)于 It’s the worst thing I ever knew。
3. 選B,average 意為“平常的”、“普通的”。
4. 選B,similar 指“相似”,familiar 指“熟悉”。
5. 選A,此處的 fool 雖為名詞,但具有形容詞的性質(zhì),相當(dāng)于 foolish。
6. 選B。雖然 quite, rather, much 均可用于加強語氣,但是修飾比較級或副詞 too(太)時,只能用 rather 或 much,而不用 quite。
7. 選D。第一個 look是實義動詞(注意與之搭配的介詞 at),第二個look 是連系動詞。
8. 選 C。多個形容詞共同修飾一個名詞時,它們的位置遵循這樣的原則:描繪形容詞—大小(長短高低)形容詞—形狀形容詞—年齡(新舊)形容詞—顏色形容詞—國籍形容詞—材料形容詞—用途(類別)形容詞—名詞(動名詞)。
9. 選A。做對此題要注意兩點:一是修飾something, anything, nothing 等復(fù)合不定代詞的形容詞,應(yīng)置于被修飾語之后;二是副詞enough 修飾形容詞或副詞時也應(yīng)置于被修飾語之后。
10. 選C。wrong 修飾nothing,seriously 修飾wrong。
11. 選C。still 修飾 active,置于其前;而副詞enough 修飾形容詞或副詞時應(yīng)置于被修飾語之后。
12. 選B。that 在此用作副詞,不是代詞,用法相當(dāng)于so。其余三者填入空格處語意不通。
13. 選B。理由見“典型陷阱題分析”第5題。
14. 選A。理由見“典型陷阱題分析”第2題。 B. hardly D. successfully
15. 選C。第一空填 freely,意為“自由地”;第二空填free,意為“免費地”。
16. 選 A。close 與 closely 的區(qū)別是:指實際距離近,用 close;指抽象意義,用 closely。
17. 選 B。首先應(yīng)弄清 second to none 的意思,照字面理解是“對誰都不是第二”,
言外之意就是“第一”,或者說是“最好”。再聯(lián)系句中的 but 可知,選項 B 最恰當(dāng)。
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