2013年高考已經(jīng)開(kāi)始倒計(jì)時(shí)，俗話(huà)說(shuō)：“臨陣磨刀，不快也光”，各位考生在此關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻千萬(wàn)不要放松，要繼續(xù)武裝自己。為此，出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng)高考頻道為2013考生特別推薦了一些高考試題和高考作文，大家可以用之作為額外的學(xué)習(xí)資源。預(yù)祝大家考出一個(gè)理想的成績(jī)。
☆句型歸納☆
1. You shouldn't go rafting unless you know how to swim, and you should always wear a life jacket. 除非你會(huì)游泳，而且要一直穿著救生衣，否則就不應(yīng)該去做漂流運(yùn)動(dòng)。
該句中的unless引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：One can't learn a foreign language well unless he studies hard.
unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，一般可以與if...not...互換。還要注意unless引導(dǎo)的從句經(jīng)?？梢允÷浴?BR> 【考例】(200l北京春招)The men will have to wait all day ____ the doctor works faster.
A. if B. unless C. whether D. that
[考查目標(biāo)]狀語(yǔ)從句。
[答案與解析]B 句子意思是“如果醫(yī)生不快點(diǎn)工作，
這些人將不得不等一整天?！睉?yīng)該選unless。
2. Eco-travel is a way to find out what can be done to help animals and plants as well as people. 生態(tài)游可以找到既幫助別人.又幫助動(dòng)植物的途徑。
該句中的as well as是連詞，連接兩個(gè)并列成分。例如: He can speak German as well as French.
常見(jiàn)的用法:
1. well是副詞，意思是“好，優(yōu)秀”，as well as是形容詞 同級(jí)比較結(jié)構(gòu)。
2. as well as是固定短語(yǔ)，意思是“和”，相當(dāng)于"not only … but also..."。
3. as well as連接兩個(gè)并列成分作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該與前面那個(gè)名詞或代詞的人稱(chēng)或數(shù)保持一致。
4. as well as還可當(dāng)作復(fù)雜介詞用，意思是“除了……之外，還有”;相當(dāng)于"besides，apart from"。
5. as well，是副詞短語(yǔ)，意思是“也”，相當(dāng)于“too / also”常位于句尾，與too位置相當(dāng)。
6. may / might as well do sth 表示“還是……的好”。
【考例】(NMET 1994) John plays football ____, if not better than David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
[考查目標(biāo)] as well as連接比較狀語(yǔ)從句。
[答案與解析]B 該句中 if not better than相當(dāng)于插入語(yǔ)，起干擾作用，如果不予考慮，原句就變成了同級(jí)比較結(jié)構(gòu) "John plays football as well as David"。
3. Before she could move，she heard a loud noise. 她還沒(méi)有來(lái)得及動(dòng)彈，就聽(tīng)見(jiàn)很響的聲音。
However, before she could think twice, the water was upon her. 但還沒(méi)有回過(guò)身來(lái)，洪水便逼近了她。
該兩句中的before用作連詞，后接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。before用作連詞，接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，表示“在……之前”。但在不同的語(yǔ)境中，往往有比較靈活的譯法。例如: He knocked me down before he saw me. 他差一點(diǎn)把我撞倒，才看到我。
【考例】(2005廣東) The American Civil War lasted four years the North won in the end.
A. after B. before C. when D. then
[考查目標(biāo)] 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞選擇。
[答案與解析]B before 表示“直到……”。
4. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep. 洪水想必深達(dá)三米，樹(shù)一棵接一棵地倒了，被洪水沖斷了。
該句中的must have been表示推測(cè)。例如：You look so tired. You must have stayed up last night.
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may，might，most.can，could常用來(lái)表示推測(cè)。may，might，must多用在肯定句中，can，could多用在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。may，might，must，can，could后接動(dòng)詞原形表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的推測(cè);may，might，must，can，could后接have done。表示對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)。例如：
You may be a professor. / She must have met a fairy.
【考例】(2005遼寧)This cake is very sweet. You ____ a lot of sugar in it.
A. should put B. could have put
C. might put D. must have put
[考查目標(biāo)] 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)。
[答案與解析] D 前文說(shuō)蛋糕很甜，由此可知一定是糖
放多了。對(duì)于過(guò)去的動(dòng)作的推測(cè)應(yīng)使用have done的
結(jié)構(gòu)，所以應(yīng)在B、D之間做選擇，又因?yàn)閏ould have
done表示本可以做而沒(méi)有做，所以選擇D。
5. ... she heard a loud noise，which grew to a terrible roar. ……她聽(tīng)見(jiàn)了很響的聲音，接著就變成了可怕的隆隆轟鳴聲。
該句中的which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。例如：He bought some reference books, which were all about science. 他買(mǎi)了許多的參考資料.都是有關(guān)理科的。
which 作為關(guān)系代詞.既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。例如：The train which left for Beijing pulled in on time. 前往北京的火車(chē)按時(shí)進(jìn)站了。His dog, which was now very old, became ill and died.他的狗，現(xiàn)在老了，生病死了。
【考例】(2005浙江) Jim passed the driving test, ____ surprised everybody in the office.
A. which B. that C. this D. it
[考查目標(biāo)]非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
[答案與解析]A which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。指代
前面整個(gè)句子。that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
☆句型詮釋☆
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法(is / am / are + doing)
1. 表示現(xiàn)在(說(shuō)話(huà)的瞬間)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 Look! The monkey is climbing the banana tree.
2. 表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。(說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)動(dòng)作不一定正在進(jìn)行。) We are preparing for the meeting to be held next Friday now.
3. 表示說(shuō)話(huà)人現(xiàn)在對(duì)主語(yǔ)的行為表示贊嘆、驚訝、厭惡等。(常與always, constantly, continually, all the time, forever 等副詞連用)，表反復(fù)的動(dòng)作。He is always think- ing of others. (表贊許) She is always asking the same question. (表厭惡) You are always changing your mind. (表抱怨)
4. 表示在最近計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常用于go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, work, stay 等表移動(dòng)、方向的動(dòng)詞。He is starting the work in a few minutes. / He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow morning.
[注意]
1. 不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的詞有:
(1) 系動(dòng)詞: feel, sound, smell, taste, look, appear, seem, remain, prove 等。
(2) 表結(jié)果的感官動(dòng)詞: see, notice, hear 等。
(3) 非延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，此動(dòng)作開(kāi)始即是結(jié)束：enter, accept, receive等。
(4) 表心理狀態(tài)，存在狀態(tài)，擁有的動(dòng)詞：love, like, hate, care, dislike, respect, prefer, know, understand, forget, remember, believe, want, wish, hope, mind, agree, belong to, depend on, own, have等。
2. 用進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊詞有系動(dòng)詞get, turn, grow, become, go, come, fall 等表由一種狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)入另一種狀態(tài)時(shí)，用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示漸近。Today, many rivers that were polluted are getting cleaner and cleaner. 當(dāng)今，許多過(guò)去遭污染的河流又變得越來(lái)越清澈了。
[比較]
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)的用法與一般將來(lái)時(shí)的區(qū)別：
(1) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表近期的，事先已經(jīng)計(jì)劃安排好的
-- How are you getting to the airport?
-- By taxi. Bob is coming with me to the airport.
(2) will do 和 shall do
① 表客觀將來(lái)。shall用于第一人稱(chēng)，will用于第一、
二、三人稱(chēng)。I will / shall finish middle school next month.
② 表有科學(xué)根據(jù)的預(yù)測(cè)。The weather report says it will rain tomorrow.
③ 表客觀必然。Man will make mistakes.
(3) be going to
① 表現(xiàn)在打算在近期或?qū)?lái)要做某事。I'm going to finish my homework tonight.
② 表根據(jù)已有跡象的預(yù)測(cè)。It's so dark outside, I think it's going to rain.
③ be going to不與come, go連用，而用be coming, be going 形式。Mary is coming here this evening.
[注意]
表計(jì)劃、安排、規(guī)定要做的事，用“be + to do”。此外，表示按時(shí)刻表運(yùn)行的動(dòng)作常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。The meeting is to be held at 9:00 a. m. / Our plane leaves at 6:00 a. m. .
[牛刀小試3]
1. ____ you call me to say you're not coming, I'll see you at the theatre. (2004 吉林)
A. Though B. Whether C. Until D. Unless
2. Now that you've got a chance, you ____ make full use of it. (NMET 1999)
A. had better to B. might as well
C. might as well as D. would rather
3. It was evening ____ we reached the little town of Winchester. (2004 天津)
A. that B. until C. since D. before
4. There is no light in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture, ____? (2004 上海春招)
A. didn't they B. don't they
C. mustn't they D. haven't they
5. The result of the experiment was very good, ____ we hadn't expected. (2000 北京春招)
A. when B. that C. which D. what
?
DBDDC
高考