2013中考英語備考:狀語從句考點(diǎn)解析

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    很多學(xué)生覺得英語難學(xué),但事實(shí)上,英語和其他學(xué)科區(qū)別不大,知識(shí)點(diǎn)都完全出在書中。只要肯下工夫,一定會(huì)把英語學(xué)好,至少英語成績不會(huì)被別人落下太多。通過今年的初三期末考試可以看出來,學(xué)生們存在的最主要的問題還是對(duì)教材不夠熟悉。比如,今年的完形填空題出自教科書中的原文,但是5個(gè)填空部分很多學(xué)生都沒有完全答對(duì)。其實(shí),現(xiàn)在考試的趨勢(shì)越來越回歸教材,所以學(xué)生們一定要對(duì)教材非常熟悉。英語考試中的作文雖然不像語文作文那樣占分比例很大,但這仍是一個(gè)重點(diǎn)。此次考試,學(xué)生們的作文情況也不是很理想。原因是學(xué)生們平時(shí)不愿意動(dòng)筆。其實(shí),只要對(duì)教材熟悉,寫作的問題就不大。教材中的每個(gè)模塊的第二、三單元都是一個(gè)主題,這個(gè)主題會(huì)告知寫作內(nèi)容。中考時(shí)的寫作范圍也不會(huì)脫離這些主題,肯定會(huì)是書中提到過的,所以,學(xué)生們要根據(jù)這些主題主動(dòng)練習(xí)寫作。
    寒假期間的復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)可根據(jù)個(gè)人情況而定,但以下兩方面不得忽視:1、完形填空和閱讀每天要做四五篇。英語考試中完形填空和閱讀所占分?jǐn)?shù)非常大,這是一個(gè)容易得分的部分。所以,學(xué)生們?cè)诩倨诿刻於家WC閱讀數(shù)量。英語語感很重要,如果長時(shí)間不做閱讀,再次復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)會(huì)費(fèi)很多力氣。2、初一到初三教材“過”一遍。復(fù)習(xí)英語的最好方式就是熟讀教材,因?yàn)橛⒄Z教材中幾乎涵蓋了所有知識(shí)點(diǎn)。寒假期間,初一到初三年級(jí)的全部英語單詞要復(fù)習(xí)一遍,課文要通讀一遍,要保證英譯漢和漢譯英都沒有問題,這樣會(huì)給開學(xué)后進(jìn)入總復(fù)習(xí)提供很多幫助。
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    等,具體用法如下:
    1. when 意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)”,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,表示主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或先后發(fā)生。例如:
    I feel very happy when you come to see me. 你(們)來看我時(shí),我感到很高興。
    When you are crossing the street, you must be careful. 你(們)過街道時(shí),一定要小心。 when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,when的從句可以用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,也可以用點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞。例如: He was working at the table when I went in. 當(dāng)我進(jìn)去的時(shí)候,他正在桌旁工作。 Someone knocked at the door when I was sleeping. 當(dāng)我正在睡覺時(shí),有人敲門。 I will visit my good friend when I have time. 當(dāng)我有空兒時(shí),我將去看望我的好友。
    I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai. 當(dāng)我在上海時(shí),我為一家外國企業(yè)工作。 注:when也可以作并列連詞,表示一個(gè)動(dòng)詞正在進(jìn)行的時(shí)候,突然間發(fā)生了另外一件事。 I was fishing by the river , when someone called for help. 我正在河邊釣魚,就在那時(shí)有人求救。We were working in the chemistry lab, when the lights went out. 我們正在化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室工作,突然燈都熄滅了。
    2. before 意為“在……之前”,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí),表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之前。例如:
    We cleaned the classroom before we left school yesterday.昨天離開學(xué)校之前,我們打掃了教室。 He had been a cook before he went to college . 他上大學(xué)前曾當(dāng)過廚師。
    after 意為“在……之后”,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí),表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之后。例如:
    After you use plastic bags, you mustn't throw them about. 你(們)用過了塑料袋之后,不準(zhǔn)到處
    亂扔。
    He called me after he had finished his work. 他在工作完之后給我打了個(gè)電話。
    注:若主句和從句兩個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序十分接近,那么也可以不用完成時(shí)態(tài),例如上面的第二句可改成:He called me after he finished his work.
    3. since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,譯為“自從……”,主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),從句常用一般過去時(shí)。例如:
    We have made many dumplings since we began to cook. 自從我們開始做飯起,我們已經(jīng)包了許多餃子了。
    We haven't seen each other since we parted . 我們自從分手以后一直沒見過面。 注:常用句型:It is +時(shí)間段+since從句 譯為:自從……有多長時(shí)間了。例如:
    It is six years since she graduated from the university. 自從她大學(xué)畢業(yè)已有六年的時(shí)間了。 4. until 意為“直到……時(shí)”,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí),表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之前。當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí),主句常用肯定形式;當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí),從句常用否定形式, not... until... 意為“直到……才……”,這時(shí)的until可以用before 來替換。例如:
    I'll stay here until you come back. 我會(huì)呆在這里,直到你回來。(stay表示的動(dòng)作可以持續(xù)) He didn't go to bed until he finished his homework.他直到做完作業(yè)才睡覺。(go to bed 表示的動(dòng)作不能持續(xù))
    5. as soon as 意為“一……就……”,表示從句的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生,主句的動(dòng)作馬上就發(fā)生。例如: I'll tell him about it as soon as he comes back.他一回來我就告訴他這件事。
    6. while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,常譯為“與……同時(shí),在……期間”,while的從句中常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的詞。例如:
    They rushed in while we were discussing problems. 當(dāng)我們正在討論問題時(shí),他們沖了進(jìn)來。 Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games. 當(dāng)我正在打電子游戲時(shí),爸爸正在清洗汽車。
    注:while也可以作并列連詞,表轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系,相當(dāng)于but,譯為“然而”。 例如:
    I like listening to music, while my brother likes doing sports. 我喜歡聽音樂,而我的兄弟愛好運(yùn)動(dòng)。
    7. till和until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,譯為“直到……為止”,not … till / until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,譯為“直到……才”。前者強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動(dòng)作的結(jié)束,用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,后者強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動(dòng)作的開始,用點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞。例如:
    I will wait for my friend until / till he comes. 我要一直等到我朋友來。
    We won't start our discussion until / till he comes. 我們要等到他來了,再開始我們的討論。 2. 條件狀語從句用法要點(diǎn)。
    我們主要看一下由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。if 意為“如果”,引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句時(shí),表示假如有從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生就(不)會(huì)有主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。例如:
    If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go there by bike.如果明天不下雨,我們就騎自行車去那里。 If I get there early, I can see the doctor quickly.如果我早早地到那里,我就可以快點(diǎn)看病。 3. 地點(diǎn)狀語從句用法要點(diǎn)。常用where(哪里)和wherever(無論哪里)例如: Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者,事竟成。
    We will go wherever the motherland needs us most. 我們要到祖國最需要的地方去。 4. 原因狀語從句用法要點(diǎn)。
    常用的引導(dǎo)連詞有because, as和since。三者的區(qū)別是:在回答問題的時(shí)候,使用because;對(duì)于顯而易見的原因,常用as或since;as和since的從句常放在主句之前,而
    because的從句常放在主句之后。eg.
    Why did you go? I went because Tom told me to go. 你為何去?那是因?yàn)闇方形胰ァ?BR>    He was angry not because we were late but because we made a noise. 他很生氣不是因?yàn)槲覀儊磉t了,而是因?yàn)槲覀兣隽寺曇簟?BR>    As it was raining hard, we had to be indoors. 由于雨太大,我們只好呆在家里。
    Since you feel ill, you'd better not go to work. 既然你感覺不舒服,你最好不要去上班了。 5. 目的狀語從句用法要點(diǎn)。
    常用的引導(dǎo)連詞有so that, that和in order that譯為:以便,為了,目的是。例如:
    Please speak more slowly so that we can make full notes. 請(qǐng)講慢一點(diǎn),以便我們能作詳細(xì)筆記。 I shall write down your address that I may not forget. 我要把你的地址記下來,以免忘記。
    I sent the letter by air mail in order that it might reach him in time. 這封信我以航空信發(fā)出,以便他能及時(shí)收到。
    注:目的狀語從句可以用動(dòng)詞不定式來替換做目的狀語eg.
    We work harder than usual finish it in a week. 我們比平常加倍努力工作以在一周內(nèi)完成工作。 二、主句與從句時(shí)態(tài)一致的問題。
    在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中,主句和從句之間的時(shí)態(tài)一致問題一般分下列兩種情況: 1. 若主句是祈使句,或主句中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,或主句中謂語動(dòng)詞是一般將來時(shí),那么從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來時(shí)。例如:
    Be careful when you cross the road. 過馬路時(shí)要小心。
    Put up your hand if you have any questions to ask. 如果你們有問題要問的話,請(qǐng)舉手。 The traffic must stop when the lights are red. 紅燈亮?xí)r,車輛必須停下。
    2. 若主從句謂語動(dòng)詞都是陳述過去,那么主從句都可以用一般過去時(shí)。例如: She could sing when she was four years old. 她四歲的時(shí)候就會(huì)唱歌。 【考例】
    一Mum,____shall we have lunch?
    ——We will have it when your dad__________. [07連云港市] A when;returns B where returns C.where;will return D.when;will return
    [答案]A.[解析] 答語中when引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句,主句用了一般將來時(shí)態(tài),所以從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),可見正確答案在A與B之中。既然答語用了時(shí)間狀語來回答,可見問句詢問的也一定是時(shí)間,從而確定正確答案為A。
    【考例】Could you please give me your e-mail address _________you go? [昆明市] A. as soon as B. before C. after D. until
    [答案]B.[解析]這四個(gè)詞(組)都可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,as soon as一……就.before在……之前;after在……之后;until直到……才。分析句子可以看出句意為“在你走之前把你的電子郵件地址給我好嗎?”
    【考例】一Hurry up.The bus is coming.
    ——Oh。no.We mustn't cross the street ____the traffic lights are green.[福州市] A. after B since C while D.until [答案]D .[解析]本題應(yīng)從句意人手。until常用于否定句中,構(gòu)成"not…until"結(jié)構(gòu),意為“直到……才……”,該句意為“直到交通燈變綠,我們才能穿過馬路”。
    The kids didn't start to fly kites in the playground _________the rain stopped. [成都市] A. if B. until C. whenever
    [答案]B.[解析] not…until…直到……才?!爸钡接晖:⒆觽儾趴梢匀ゲ賵龇棚L(fēng)箏”, --Look! Here comes our school bus.
    --No hurry. Don't get on it _________it has stopped. [安徽省] A. until B. after C. since D. when A.[解析]句中有don't,可想not...until為固定結(jié)構(gòu),意為“直到……才……”。 【考例】__you go to bed earlier, you won't feel tired in the mornings.[沈陽市] A. Unless B Because C.If D.When
    [答案]C .[解析]考查if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。“假如你早一點(diǎn)上床睡覺,那么你在上午就不會(huì)感到累?!?BR>    You won't pass your exams ___________ you work harder. [廣東省] A. when B. if C. unless D. after
    [答案]C .[解析]when,after一引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語從句,不合題意;if,unless引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句,If不合句意,“除非你更加努力地學(xué)習(xí),否則,你不會(huì)通過考試”。故用unless。 【考例】—Shall we go on working?
    —(2004江西省南昌) A.when B.if C.because D.though [答案]: D
    [命題立意]:本題考查從屬連詞引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的用法。
    [試題解析]:依據(jù)上句:我們繼續(xù)工作嗎?是的,盡管我想休息會(huì)。 四川) A.and B.though C.or [答案]: B
    [命題立意]:本題考查從屬連詞引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的用法。
    [試題解析]:依據(jù)題意:即使愛迪生失敗多次,他也決不放棄。though用來引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。故選B。
    【考例】一More and more people in Beijing are learning English _______they can better serve the 2008 0lympic Games.
    一I'm sure they will.[宜昌市] A.because of B so that C.even though D.as if
    [答案]B.[解析] 本題也應(yīng)從句意人手。越來越多的人學(xué)習(xí)英語,“為的是”能更多更好地為奧運(yùn)服務(wù)。so that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)目的狀語從句。
    【考例】The camera is expensive I can’t afford it. (2004遼寧本溪) A. so, that B. such, that C. so, as to D. enough, that [答案]: A
    [命題立意]:本題考查從屬連詞引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的用法。
    [試題解析]:依據(jù)題意:這照相機(jī)太貴以致我買不起。expensive為形容詞,so…that…句中要用形容詞或副詞;such…that…要用形容詞修飾名詞。其他兩項(xiàng)不能引起從句。故選A。
    【語法過關(guān)】
    1.I was drawing a horse ____the teacher came in. A. while B. as C. when D. the moment
    2.Some passengers were walking through one of the big halls at Paris' Charles De Gaulle Airport 屋頂)fell down. A. while B. as soon as C. when D. after 3.You will stay healthy _______ you do more exercise, such as running and walking. A. if B. how C. before D. where 4.---Shall we go on working?
    ---Yes, _________ I prefer to have a rest. A. when B. if C. because D. though 5.None of us knew what had happened _________ they told us about it. A. when B. until C. after D. though 6.---I hope you’ll enjoy your trip, dear!
    ---Thank you, mum. I’ll give you a call _________ I get there. A. until B. as soon as C. since D. till 7. A. so, that B. such, that C. so, as to D. enough, that 8.I never seem to lose any weight, hard I try. A. even though B. no matter how C. as if D. ever since 9.—Shall we go on working? —A.when B.if C.because D.though 10.A.and B.though C.or
    11.A.not; when B.don’t; before C.not to; until 12.---It’s time to go to bed ,Li Ming.
    ---Mum, I have a lot of homework to do ,I won’t go to bed A .after B.until C.as soon as D .since 13.You should make a good plan ______ you do anything important. A. before B. after C. though D. until 14.________ they are brothers, they don’t look like each other at all. A. Because B. Though C. When D. As 15。I enjoy learning English, ____ it takes me a lot of time. A.as if B.though C.because D.for 【參考答案】透析中考英語語法定語從句考點(diǎn)
    1。答案C 解析:when為并列連詞“這時(shí)”(=and then),句意為:我們正當(dāng)我在畫馬的時(shí)候,這是老師進(jìn)來了。while表示“正當(dāng)……時(shí)”,用于同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
    2.答案C 解析:依據(jù)題結(jié)構(gòu),be doing sth…when…表示“正在……這時(shí)……”的意思。故選C。 3.答案A 解析: 從意思上看,從句應(yīng)是一個(gè)條件狀語從句,在這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有if能引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,所以選A。
    4.答案D 解析: 從意思上看,只有選though才能說得通。
    5.答案B 解析: 本句的意思是“在……以前我們沒人知道這件事。”要表達(dá)著一意思應(yīng)用“not…until” 這一句型。
    6.答案B 解析: 本題的意思是“一到那里,我就給你打電話?!币磉_(dá)這個(gè)意思應(yīng)選用as soon as。
    7.答案A 解析:依據(jù)題意:這照相機(jī)太貴以致我買不起。expensive為形容詞,so…that…句中要用形容詞或副詞;such…that…要用形容詞修飾名詞。其他兩項(xiàng)不能引起從句。故選A。 8.答案]B 解析:依據(jù)題意:無論我如何努力,好像也沒有減肥。
    9.答案 D 解析:依據(jù)上句:我們繼續(xù)工作嗎?是的,盡管我想休息會(huì)。
    10.答案 B 解析:依據(jù)題意:即使愛迪生失敗多次,他也決不放棄。though用來引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。故選B。
    11.答案C 解析:until用在否定句中,主要?jiǎng)釉~一般是終止性的,表示這個(gè)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作直到till(until)所表示的時(shí)間才發(fā)生。故選C。
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    12.答案 B 解析:until用在否定句中,主要?jiǎng)釉~一般是終止性的,表示這個(gè)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作直到till(until)所表示的時(shí)間才發(fā)生。故選C。
    13.答案 A 解析:依據(jù)題意:在你做重要的事情之前,應(yīng)該做好計(jì)劃。表示“在……之前”的意思,故應(yīng)選用A。
    14。答案B 解析:依據(jù)題意:盡管他們是兄弟,但他們彼此一點(diǎn)都不像。引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,應(yīng)選B。15。答案B解析:依據(jù)題意:盡管他花費(fèi)了我很多時(shí)間,但我還是喜歡學(xué)英語。應(yīng)選B。
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