2013中考英語備考:賓語從句精講精練

字號:


    很多學(xué)生覺得英語難學(xué),但事實上,英語和其他學(xué)科區(qū)別不大,知識點都完全出在書中。只要肯下工夫,一定會把英語學(xué)好,至少英語成績不會被別人落下太多。通過今年的初三期末考試可以看出來,學(xué)生們存在的最主要的問題還是對教材不夠熟悉。比如,今年的完形填空題出自教科書中的原文,但是5個填空部分很多學(xué)生都沒有完全答對。其實,現(xiàn)在考試的趨勢越來越回歸教材,所以學(xué)生們一定要對教材非常熟悉。英語考試中的作文雖然不像語文作文那樣占分比例很大,但這仍是一個重點。此次考試,學(xué)生們的作文情況也不是很理想。原因是學(xué)生們平時不愿意動筆。其實,只要對教材熟悉,寫作的問題就不大。教材中的每個模塊的第二、三單元都是一個主題,這個主題會告知寫作內(nèi)容。中考時的寫作范圍也不會脫離這些主題,肯定會是書中提到過的,所以,學(xué)生們要根據(jù)這些主題主動練習(xí)寫作。
    寒假期間的復(fù)習(xí)重點可根據(jù)個人情況而定,但以下兩方面不得忽視:1、完形填空和閱讀每天要做四五篇。英語考試中完形填空和閱讀所占分?jǐn)?shù)非常大,這是一個容易得分的部分。所以,學(xué)生們在假期每天都要保證閱讀數(shù)量。英語語感很重要,如果長時間不做閱讀,再次復(fù)習(xí)時會費很多力氣。2、初一到初三教材“過”一遍。復(fù)習(xí)英語的最好方式就是熟讀教材,因為英語教材中幾乎涵蓋了所有知識點。寒假期間,初一到初三年級的全部英語單詞要復(fù)習(xí)一遍,課文要通讀一遍,要保證英譯漢和漢譯英都沒有問題,這樣會給開學(xué)后進入總復(fù)習(xí)提供很多幫助。
    賓語從句
    賓語從句是一種名詞性從句,在句中作及物動詞的賓語,或介詞的賓語,或形容詞的賓語。根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的不同連詞,賓語從句可分為三類:
    1. 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。That只有語法作用,沒有實在的意義,在口語和非正式文體中可以省略。例如:
    He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.他說他想呆在家里。
    She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.她不知道她病得很嚴(yán)重。 I am sure (that) he will succeed.我確信他會成功。
    2. 由連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which和連接副詞when, where, why, how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當(dāng)某個成分。例如: Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? 你知道他們在等誰嗎? He asked whose handwriting was the best.他問誰的書法最好。
    Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? 你能告訴我3路公共汽車站在哪兒嗎? I don’t know why the train is late.我不知道火車為什么晚了。
    I can't imagine why he did that thing.我不能想像他為什么做了那件事。
    Do you know why we have put off the sports meet till next month? 你知道我們?yōu)槭裁窗堰\動會推遲到下個月嗎?
    以上兩個例句的賓語從句相當(dāng)于一個特殊疑問句,分別為:why did he do that thing?和Why have you put off the sports meet till next month?由于賓語從句要求陳述句語序,故而在從句中它變成了陳述語序。請看下列兩組句子:
    How much does this coat cost? 這件衣服值多少錢?
    I want to know how much this coat costs.我想知道這件衣服值多少錢。 Where did you go yesterday? 你昨天去哪兒了?
    Please tell me where you went yesterday.請告訴我你昨天去哪兒了。
    當(dāng)疑問代詞what,who在特殊疑問句中做主語時,該特殊疑問句本身就是陳述句語序,所以當(dāng)該句用來做賓語時,語序不需要調(diào)整。 What's wrong with you? 怎么了?
    He asked the girl what was wrong with her.他問這個女孩怎么回事了。 What's the matter? 怎么了?
    He asked the girl what was the matter.他問這個女孩怎么了。 What has happened to him? 他發(fā)生什么事了?
    We want to know what has happened to him.我們想知道他發(fā)生了什么事。 同類句式還有:Who broke the window? 誰打破的窗戶? Who is in the classroom? 誰在教室里?
    What made him so angry.什么使得他如此生氣。
    3. 由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。表示“是否”,二者通??梢曰Q。例如: Lily asked if/whether she liked it.莉莉問她是否喜歡它。
    I want to know if (whether) he lives there.我想知道他是否住在這兒。 He asked me whether (if) I could help him.他問我是否可以幫助他。 但語義有點區(qū)別:
    1)whether強調(diào)猶豫和選擇,多見于書面語中;if 只限于條件,常用于口語。例如: Write and tell me whether I'm to come. 請寫信告訴我,我是否該來。
    Write and tell me if I'm to come. 如果我該來,請寫信告訴我(相當(dāng)于說:若我不必來,那就不用費心寫信給
    我了。)
    2)whether可引導(dǎo)各種名詞性從名和讓步狀語從句,if 只能引導(dǎo)賓語從句和條件狀語從句。由if引導(dǎo)的從
    句,首先要弄清楚是賓語從句,還是條件狀語從句,然后再確定時態(tài)。若是引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,謂語動詞
    應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在(過去)時代替一般將來(過去將來)時。例如: If you don't go soon, you’ll be late.如果你不馬上去就會遲到。
    當(dāng)if引導(dǎo)一個非真實條件句時,從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)用過去式(如果是be, 則不論主語的人稱和數(shù),一律用
    were),主句謂語動詞用“would+動詞原形”。例如:
    If everyone in the country knew first aid, many lives would be saved.如果每個國民都懂得急救(的知識),許
    多生命就會得以挽救。
    3)whether和if都可以與or no連用。但if與or not之間常需要用詞語隔開,而whether與or not可連用,也可隔 開。例如:
    Can you tell me whether or not the train has left?(=Can you tell me whether the train has left or not?)你能告訴
    我火車是否離開了嗎?
    I don't care if your car breaks down or not .我不在乎你的汽車是否壞了。 4)下列情況,只用whether作引導(dǎo)詞:
    引導(dǎo)主語從句、同位語從句、表語從句、讓步狀語從句。例如: Whether he comes or not doesn't concern me.他來不來與我無關(guān)。
    I am in doubt whether I ought to give this plan my approval..我決定不了是否該同意這項計劃。 What I want to know is whether you can help me.我想知道的是你是否能幫助我。
    Whether we go or stay, the result is the same.不管我們是走還是留,其結(jié)果是一樣的。 5)與不定式連用:例如:
    I don't know whether to accept or refuse.我不知道是該接受還是該拒絕。 6)在介詞后作介賓。例如:
    I am not interested in whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜歡那項計劃。
    4.think,believe,suppose,imagine,guess等表示“認(rèn)為”、“猜想”等的動詞后的賓語從句
    4、賓語從句的一些特殊情況 1)否定轉(zhuǎn)移
    在以上動詞之后的賓語從句中,有時謂語盡管是否定含義,卻不用否定形式,而把主句中的上述動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问?,這就叫否定轉(zhuǎn)移。
    I don't think the book is worth buying.我認(rèn)為這本書不值得買。
    I don't believe they have finished their work.我相信他們并未完成他們的工作。 I don't suppose he cares.我猜想他們不會介意的。
    We don't expect they will have everything done.我們希望他們沒有把事全做完。 2)存在這種否定轉(zhuǎn)移現(xiàn)象的句了在作反意疑問句時,具有如下特點:
    在賓語從句中,如果主句的謂語動詞是think,believe,suppose,imagine,guess等,主句主語是第一人稱以外的人稱時,反意疑問句應(yīng)針對主句。
    You don't think he can finish his work, do you? 你認(rèn)為他不能完成他的工作,是嗎? He doesn't believe that we have come back,does he? 他認(rèn)為我們還沒回來呢,是嗎?
    但是如果主句主語是第一人稱時,反意疑問詞部分的主語和時態(tài)要與賓語從句保持一致,并注意否定轉(zhuǎn)移。
    I don't think you are an actor,are you? 我認(rèn)為你不是一個演員,是嗎? I suppose you have been to Beijing,haven't you ?我想你去過北京。是嗎?
    另外,當(dāng)think ,suppose,believe,imaging,guess這類表示“認(rèn)為”、“猜想”的動詞作主句謂語時,常會出現(xiàn)一種以疑問詞起頭的雙重疑問句。 What do you think he is? 你認(rèn)為他是做什么的?
    How much time do you suppose I must spend on it? 你認(rèn)為我得花多少時間來做這件事? 二. 賓語從句的語序
    賓語從句的語序應(yīng)為陳述句的語序。例如:
    I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.我聽說物理不容易。
    I think (that) you will like this school soon.我認(rèn)為你不久會喜歡這所學(xué)校。 Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? 你能告訴我怎么到動物園嗎?
    Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.請告訴我我們什么時候開會。 三. 賓語從句的時態(tài)
    1.若主句為一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時,則從句的時態(tài)不限可視句子意義使用所需要的任何時態(tài)。例如:
    We all know chicken can't swim.我們都知道雞不會游泳。
    Don't you think Jim is speaking too quick.難道你不認(rèn)為吉姆講的太快了嗎? He says he will come back.他說他會回來。
    2.若主句是祈使句,從句謂語動詞也可用所需要的任何時態(tài)。例如: Show me which picture is yours.讓我看看哪張照片是你的。 Please tell us where we will go.請告訴我要去哪里。
    3.若主句是一般過去時,從句必須用過去時態(tài)的某一種。例如: I knew she had swept the floor already.我知道她已經(jīng)掃過地了。
    He asked if I was doing my homework this time yesterday.他問我昨天這個時候是否在做作業(yè)。 4.若從句敘述的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或永恒不變的規(guī)律時,則不受主句時態(tài)的限制,仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如:
    Our teacher told us light travels much faster than sound.老師告訴我們光傳播的速度比聲音快得多。 They knew the sun is much bigger than the earth then.他們那時就知道太陽比地球大得多, He said that one and one makes two.他說一加一等于二。 【考例】
    一Excuse me,could you tell me__________?
    ——There's a bank on the second floor.You can make it there.[黃岡市] A. where I can change money B. how I can get to the bank C. if there's a bank near here D.where the bank is [答案]A.[解析]考查賓語從句的連詞用法。根據(jù)上下問可知應(yīng)選A。 1.--Do you know ______________now? 一In the People's Hotel.[北京市] A. where is Tom working B. where did Tom work C.where Tom is working D.where Tom worked
    [答案]C.[解析]考查賓語從句要用陳述句語序。賓語從句要注意兩點:①從句用陳述句語序;②前后時態(tài)要一致。故排除A、B,D時態(tài)不對,故選C。
    Excuse me, could you tell me when __the new Olympic Center? [沈陽市]
    A. are we visited B will we visit C we are visited D we will visit [答案]D。 [解析]考查賓語從句的用法。從句要用陳述句語序,而且時態(tài)要與主句一致。從句意看本句不能用被動語態(tài),故排除A、c。本題考查的是以when引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。B沒用陳述句語序,故排除,此處could只表委婉的語氣,并不表過去。 ----Could you tell me whom the radio _________by? 一Sorry,I have no idea.[福州市] A. invents B invented C is invented D.was invented [答案]D。[解析]考查賓語從句的時態(tài)和語態(tài)的用法。從句中的主語是謂語動詞動作的承受者,這時應(yīng)使用被動語態(tài),這樣A、B兩項可以排除。我們還應(yīng)考慮到,收音機的“發(fā)明”一定是過去的事情,所以該句的時態(tài)應(yīng)是一般過去時,謂語的構(gòu)成為“was/were+動詞的過去分詞”。 (年河北)I didn’t understand __________, so I raised my hand to ask.. A. what my teacher says B. what does my teacher say C. what my teacher said D. what did my teacher say
    答案為C。本題為賓語從句,由于需要用陳述語序可排除B、D;另外,主句時態(tài)為一般過去時,則從句也要用對應(yīng)的過去時態(tài),故還可排除A。 --Did Mr White tell you________-?
    --Yes. He said he went there in 2003. [福州市] A. when he traveled to Tibet B. how he goes to Wuhan C. Where he spent his holidays D. why did he visit Kunming
    [答案]A。 [解析]考查賓語從句。when詢問時間,how詢問方式,where詢問地點,why詢問原因。由答語“He said he went here in 2003.”可知,前面應(yīng)是詢問動作發(fā)生的時間。 【語法回顧】
    【語法過關(guān)】
    1.--- Could you tell us how long ______? --- About three days.
    A. does the sports meeting last B. the sports meeting last C. will the sports meeting last D. the sports meeting will last 2.I want to know______,
    A. what is his name B what's his name C. that his name is D. what his name is
    3.Parents are taught to understand_____important education is to their children’s future. A. that B. how C. such D. so 4.I wonder _______ they will come here with tomorrow. A. whether B. when C. who D. how 5.-Could you tell me ______? -I'm not sure.
    A. how many people have been out of hospital B. when is Thanksgiving C. which animal does he like best D. what time will the dolphin show start 6. - Can I help you?
    - Yes. I'd like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me______ take to get there? A. how soon will it B. how soon it will C. how long it will D. how long will it 7..---Could you let me know ___________ yesterday? ---Because the traffic was heavy. A. why did you come late B. why you came late C. why do you come late D. why you come late 8.A computer can only do _________you have instructed it to do.
    A. how B. after C. what D. when
    9.The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ________ I thought was a dangerous speed.
    A. as B. which C. what D. that
    10.I think Father would like to know ____ I've been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note
    A. which B. why C. what D. how 【參考答案】
    1.D 賓語從句用陳述句語序。 2.D 賓語從句用陳述句語序。
    3. B題干中的“_____important education is to their children’s future”應(yīng)理解為:education為主語,important是is的表語;to their children’s future是狀語,所以空格處應(yīng)為how修飾important。其實這個賓語從句是一個感嘆句。 4.C 后面的"with"決定了用"who"。 5.A 賓語從句用陳述句語序。
    6. C how soon一般用于指某事過多久后或到什么時候才發(fā)生,how long一般用于指某事需持續(xù)多長時間。
    7. B yesterday表明賓語從句應(yīng)用一般過去時,賓語從句要用陳述句語序。
    8. C。 分析本句的結(jié)構(gòu)可知, 空白處應(yīng)填的連詞應(yīng)作賓語從句中動詞不定式中動詞do的賓語。所以,該連接詞應(yīng)是連接代詞。故應(yīng)選C。
    9. C。 介詞at之后是賓語從句,其中I thought是插入語。也可以把what分解為a speed that…
    10. C what引導(dǎo)賓語從句,并在賓語從句中作短語be up to 的賓語。
    [查看更多請點擊此處]
    
中考政策 中考狀元 中考飲食 中考備考輔導(dǎo) 中考復(fù)習(xí)資料