暑假過(guò)后，新初三生們迎來(lái)了初中最重要的一年——初三。為方便2013年中考考生及家長(zhǎng)查詢相關(guān)信息，出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng)中考頻道特別搜集匯總了中考必背短語(yǔ)和詞組以供參考：
從用法上復(fù)習(xí)歸納詞匯，過(guò)語(yǔ)法關(guān)
英語(yǔ)詞匯大多具有本身詞義外，還有其語(yǔ)法功能，我們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)時(shí)就不要把著眼點(diǎn)單純放在單詞記憶上，而 要從它們的語(yǔ)法功能上去把握它們。如在復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞時(shí)我們就要根據(jù)它們變化形式多、搭配活躍等特點(diǎn)，從它們 的用法上進(jìn)行分類(lèi)記憶。這樣，既可記住詞匯，又可攻克語(yǔ)法難關(guān)。
1.賓語(yǔ)不同，意義也不同
英語(yǔ)中有些動(dòng)詞可同時(shí)后接不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但意義不同。它們是高考試題的考查重點(diǎn)。這類(lèi)詞主 要有：
go on doing(繼續(xù)干同一件事) go on to do(接著去干另一件事)
stop doing sth.(停止正在干的事) stop to do sth.(停下來(lái)去干某事)
regret doing(后悔干了某事) regret to do(相當(dāng)于be sorry to do)
forget/remember doing(忘記/記得已做過(guò)的事) forget/rem-ember to do(忘記/記得要干的事)
mean doing(意味著干…) mean to do(想干…)try doing(嘗試做) try to do(設(shè)法做)
(95高考)"You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.""Well,now I regret_____ ___that."
A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done
(92高考)"I usually go there by train.""Why not____________by boat for a change?"
A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going
(87高考)They would not allow him_________across the line. A.to risk going B.risking going C.for risk to go D.risk going
2.都可接賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)，形式卻不同
某些動(dòng)詞如forbid,advise,allow,permit,admit,consider等直接接動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞，但接賓補(bǔ)時(shí) ，賓補(bǔ)要用不定式。如： We forbid smoking here.(賓語(yǔ))We forbid you to smoke here.(賓補(bǔ))You are forbidden to smoke here.(主補(bǔ))
3.賓語(yǔ)不同、語(yǔ)態(tài)不同，意義卻相同
有些詞如need,require,want,deserve等后可接不定式(要用被動(dòng)形式)，可接動(dòng)名詞(要用主動(dòng)形式表被 動(dòng)意義)，可與worth,worthy一并記憶。兩種形式意義相同。如：The room requires to be cleaned/cleaning.
(85高考)This sentence needs______________. A.an improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved
4.只接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的詞和詞組
只接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的詞和詞組有：decide,expect,refuse,wish,hope,order,promise,pretend,offer,happen,seem,make up one's mind,used,be about,be able,have等。如：(89高考)She pretended_______me when I passed by. A.not to see B.not seeing C.to not see D.having not seen
5.只接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的詞和詞組
只接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的詞和詞組：mind,risk,avoid,enjoy,escape,keep,suggest,appreciate,practise,delay,finish,feel like,look forward to,can't help,keep(on),miss,be usedto,excuse,be worth,imagine ,put off,give up等。如：
(92高考)I would appreciate_________back this afternoon.A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.you are calling
(87高考)The squirrel was lucky that it just missed______.A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catch
6.系動(dòng)詞
系動(dòng)詞后可用名詞、不定式、分詞和形容詞等作表語(yǔ)，這類(lèi)詞有：
表感觀的系動(dòng)詞：look,sound,taste,smell,feel,seem,appear(這些詞用形容詞作表語(yǔ))
表變化的系動(dòng)詞：become,get,turn,grow,make,come,go,fall,run表依舊的系動(dòng)詞：remain,keep,stay,continue,stand,rest,lie,hold
可帶名詞作表語(yǔ)的系動(dòng)詞：be,become,make,look,sound,fall,prove,remain,turn(該詞后接的單數(shù)名詞前多不用冠詞。如：He turned teacher.)(91高考)These oranges taste____________.A.good B.well C.to be good D.to be well
7.含"被動(dòng)"意味的動(dòng)詞
有些動(dòng)詞，如sell,open,close,wash,teach,burn,measure,cut,lock,cost,read,write,tear,wear,pull, clean,add,cook,let(出租)等，它們的主語(yǔ)是事物，且又是表示主語(yǔ)的固有特征和狀態(tài)，與行為方式狀語(yǔ)連 用時(shí)，要用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義：
My pen writes smoothly.我的筆好寫(xiě)。Oil burns easily.油易燃燒。
(88高考)That suit_________over 60 dollars.A.had costed B.costed C.is cost D.cost
(97高考)"Is this raincoat yours?""No,mine____________there behind the door."A.is hanging B.has hung C.hangs D.hung
8.具有兩種形式的易混動(dòng)詞
中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教材中有些不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞有兩種過(guò)去式或兩種過(guò)去分詞形式，使用或考測(cè)時(shí)極易弄混。如：
hang,hanged,hanged(絞死)hang,hung,hung(掛起)
light,lit,lit(點(diǎn)燃，作謂語(yǔ))light,lighted,lighted(過(guò)去分詞作形容詞用時(shí)，意謂"燃燒著的"，作定語(yǔ))
drink,drank,drunk/drunken(喝，飲;過(guò)去分詞作形容詞同時(shí)，意謂"醉的"，drunk多作表語(yǔ)，drunke n多作定語(yǔ))
sink,sank,sunk/sunken(下沉;過(guò)去分詞sunken作形容詞用時(shí)，作定語(yǔ))
bear,bore,born(出生)bear,bore,borne(結(jié)果;生育)The woman,who was born in 1940,has borne five children.
lie(撒謊), lied, lied, lying lie(躺，臥，位于)，lay, lain, lying
(89高考)Do you know the boy___________under the big tree? A.lay B.lain C.laying D.lying
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