構(gòu)詞法之派生詞——形容詞詞綴
一、詞綴"-able, -ous, -y, -ly, -ant, -ate, -en, -ent"可放在一些名詞、動(dòng)詞后構(gòu)成形容詞
1. "-able" 常放在一些動(dòng)詞后構(gòu)成 形容詞,表示
(1)"能……的,可以……的",例如:
use →usable (可用的)
excuse →excusable (可原諒的)
(2)"適于……的,有……特性的",例如:
eat →eatable (適于吃的)
drink →drinkable (適于飲用的)
(3)"有……傾向的",例如:
irritate →irritable (易怒的)
2. "-ous" 常放在一些名詞后構(gòu)成形容詞,表示"有……特質(zhì)的,多……的,充滿……的",例如:
fame →famous (出名的)
joy →joyous (歡樂的)
danger →dangerous (危險(xiǎn)的)
3. "-y" 常放在一些名詞后構(gòu)成形容詞,表示:
(1) "有……傾向的",例如:
sleep →sleepy (欲睡的)
(2)"有……的,多……的",例如:
cloud →cloudy (多云的)
(3)"有……性質(zhì)(狀態(tài))的",例如:
snow →snowy (雪的)
4. "-ly" 常放在一些名詞后構(gòu)成形容詞,表示性質(zhì),例如:
friend →friendly (友好的)
man →manly (男子氣概的)
5. "-ant" 常放在一些動(dòng)詞后構(gòu)成形容詞,表示"處于……狀態(tài)(情況)的",例如:
tolerate →tolerant (容忍的)
dominate →dominant (占優(yōu)勢(shì)的)
6. "-ate" 常放在一些名詞后構(gòu)成形容詞,表示"有……性質(zhì)(或狀態(tài))的,像……的,和……有關(guān)的",例如:
affection →affectionate (表示關(guān)愛的)
college →collegiate (學(xué)院的)
Italian →Italianate (意大利風(fēng)格的)
7. "-en" 常放在一些名詞后構(gòu)成形容詞,表示"由……制的",例如:
wool →woolen (毛紡的)
wood →wooden (木制的)
8. "-ent" 常放在一些動(dòng)詞后構(gòu)成形容詞,表示"做……動(dòng)作的,有……性質(zhì)的,在……狀態(tài)的",例如:
differ →different (不同的)
depend →dependent (依賴的)
absorb →absorbent (能吸收的)
二、請(qǐng)看下列單詞的用法
insist v. 堅(jiān)決要求,堅(jiān)持,堅(jiān)持說
I must insist on your giving me a
straightforward answer. 我必須堅(jiān)持
要你給我一個(gè)直截了當(dāng)?shù)幕卮稹?BR> I insist that he should come with us.
我堅(jiān)持要他跟我們一塊兒來。
I will have another glass if you insist.
如果你堅(jiān)持,我就去換一個(gè)玻璃杯。
Art critics insisted he was an illustrator rather than an artist.藝術(shù)評(píng)論家們堅(jiān)持說他是一個(gè)插圖畫家,而不是一個(gè)藝術(shù)家。
insistent adj.堅(jiān)持的,固執(zhí)的;持續(xù)不斷的,再三的
They were insistent on having a contract for the work.他們堅(jiān)持要就這項(xiàng)工作立一份合同。
The insistent ringing of the telephone in my bedroom wakened me.
我臥室里沒完沒了的電話鈴聲吵醒了我。
persist v. 頑強(qiáng)地堅(jiān)持,執(zhí)著地做;維持,保持
Why do you persist in blaming yourself for what happened?你何必為已發(fā)生的事沒完沒了地自責(zé)呢?
She had persisted in her refusal to spend Christmas with Jack. 她一直堅(jiān)持拒絕與杰克共度圣誕。
He persisted with his questioning.
他問個(gè)不停。
"But I’m innocent," she persisted.
她堅(jiān)持說:"但是我是無辜的。"
The smell persisted even after we had cleaned the room.即使我們打掃了房間,這個(gè)味道仍舊存在。
persistent adj.執(zhí)著的,堅(jiān)持不懈的;連綿的,持續(xù)的,反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的
With persistent efforts we can finish our tasks on time.
在我們堅(jiān)持不懈的努力下一定可以按時(shí)完成任務(wù)。
Her persistent criticism made everyone angry.
她沒完沒了的批評(píng)使每個(gè)人都很生氣。
考考你
請(qǐng)運(yùn)用上述構(gòu)詞法寫出下列單詞所對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞:
desire favor accept
fury courage rain
dust thirst order
love please ignore
fortune passion wax
silk ash exist
consist
參考答案
desirable favorable acceptable
furious courageous rainy
dusty thirsty orderly
lovely pleasant ignorant
fortunate passionate waxen
silken ashen existent
consistent
?
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