have 這個(gè)詞在課本中多次出現(xiàn),看起來很簡(jiǎn)單,但同學(xué)們對(duì)have的用法較模糊,有時(shí)候還經(jīng)常張冠李戴,不能夠自如地使用。因此,筆者認(rèn)為有必要對(duì)其用法進(jìn)行歸納和總結(jié),結(jié)合課文中have出現(xiàn)的前后順序,筆者作了如下的總結(jié)。
1、 have 可以作為“有”表示擁有的意思。比如,新目標(biāo)英語七年級(jí)上冊(cè)第五單元就學(xué)習(xí)了 Do you have a soccer ball? I have a great sports collection. Does he have a ping-pong ball?等句子
2 、have 可以有“吃、喝”的含義。比如,I often have milk and eggs for breakfast.(我早飯經(jīng)常喝牛奶吃雞蛋。) Do you usually have tea in the afternoon?(你通常下午喝茶嗎?) What do you often have for your three meals?(你的一日三餐通常吃什么?)
3、have 還用來描述病情,構(gòu)成了have a cold /have a toothache/have a fever/have a sore back/have a pain in/on 等固定搭配,比如在新目標(biāo)英語八年級(jí)(上冊(cè))就有“What’s the matter? ”(你怎么了?)“I have a toothache. ”(我牙疼)
4、 have to 用來表示義務(wù)必須做某事,其意思與must相當(dāng)。新目標(biāo)英語八年級(jí)(上冊(cè))有如下的例句:Jenny, can you come to my party on Sunday? (珍妮,星期天能來參加我的聚會(huì)嗎?)I’d love to.(我很樂意去。) How about you?(你呢?) I’m sorry, I have to help my parents.(抱歉,我得照顧我的父母。)
5、我們還常見如下的搭配:have a walk /have a swim /have a rest /have a try.在這里have 與一個(gè)名詞連用,等于與該名詞相當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞的意義。比如,Let’s lie down and have a rest=Let’s lie down and rest. (讓我們躺下休息一下吧) Do you often have dreams?=Do you often dream?(你常做夢(mèng)嗎?)
6、have 還可以用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中,這時(shí)的have沒有實(shí)際意義,它和動(dòng)詞的過去分詞一起構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài),表示過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果,也可以用來表示過去的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并且還有可能再往下持續(xù)。比如,新目標(biāo)英語八年級(jí)(下冊(cè))就學(xué)了這樣的話語: Most of us have heard of Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, and many famous Disney characters. Perhaps we have seen them in movies .But have you ever been to Disneyland? (很多人聽說過米老鼠和唐老鴨的故事以及其他迪斯尼樂園的卡通形象,或許你在電影中見過他們,但是你去過迪斯尼樂園嗎?)
7、have 還可用于過去完成時(shí)態(tài)中,由其過去式和動(dòng)詞的過去分詞一起構(gòu)成,用于表示在過去的某一動(dòng)作之前就已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。常和by the time 還有by the end of 等短語連用,比如說在新目標(biāo)英語九年級(jí)第十單元,同學(xué)們就學(xué)習(xí)了以下的表達(dá):
By the time she went outside, the bus had already left. (當(dāng)她出去的時(shí)候,公交車已經(jīng)離開啦)。
總之,have的用法還有很多,比如我們?cè)诒磉_(dá)祝福的主題時(shí)常說 have a good time/have a good journey。 另外還可用have + sth + p.p表示請(qǐng)或讓某人做某事, 例如:Tomorrow I will have my hair cut(明天我要去理發(fā))。同學(xué)們最容易出現(xiàn)問題的地方是have用在問句中或否定句的時(shí)候,其實(shí),這主要是英英和美英的區(qū)別。在英國(guó)英語中,不需要借助助動(dòng)詞do,而在美英中則不盡然。另外,在英國(guó)英語中,還經(jīng)常用have got來代替have,比如:
I have got a new computer = I have a new computer(我有一臺(tái)新電腦)。
下面,筆者想用一段話來概括其用法,希望同學(xué)們能夠從中體會(huì)到have用法。
“My name is Fat. Every day I have lots of things ,especially,I like sweet food. Yesterday I had a bad toothache. I had to go to the hospital .By the time I got to the bus station, the bus had left. I had to take a taxi. The doctor looked over carefully and said one of my teeth was broken. I had my tooth pulled out. From then on ,I have never eaten sweet food.”
(我叫小胖,我每天都要吃很多零食,尤其喜歡吃甜食。昨天我牙痛得厲害,只好到醫(yī)院,但是當(dāng)我到達(dá)車站時(shí),公共汽車已離開了。我只好打車去。醫(yī)生仔細(xì)地做了檢查,發(fā)現(xiàn)我的一顆牙齒壞了。我只好拔掉了。從此,我再也不吃甜食了。)
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