1. 祈使句的特征:
①祈使句用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求、命令、建議、勸告、警告等。如:
Go and open the door.
②其主語(yǔ)一般是第二人稱,但往往被省去。
③其謂語(yǔ)須用動(dòng)詞原形,否定結(jié)構(gòu)是在動(dòng)詞原形前加don’t。如:
Don’t be late.
④句子末尾用句號(hào)或感嘆號(hào),通常用降調(diào)。為表示禮貌,句前或句末可加上please。如:
Be quiet, please. = Please be quiet.
⑤祈使句一般沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)的變化,也不與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。
2. 祈使句的幾個(gè)注意問(wèn)題:
①肯定的祈使句前可用助動(dòng)詞do來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣,多譯為“一定……”。如:
Do have some more tea.
②祈使句除用動(dòng)詞開(kāi)頭外,還可用名詞、形容詞、副詞等開(kāi)頭。如:
Hands up! / No parking! / No fishing! / Careful! / Quickly! / Help! / Another cup of tea, please. / Just a minute, please! / This way, please!
③祈使句的主語(yǔ)在需要強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)可以出現(xiàn)。如:
Nobody move. / Don’t you forget. / Stand up, everybody. / You go away.
④祈使句之后的附加疑問(wèn)句:
●在肯定的祈使句之后,附加疑問(wèn)句常用will you? / won’t you? / would you? / could you? / can you? / can’t you? 如:
Have dinner with us, will you? / won’t you? / would you?
●在否定的祈使句之后,附加疑問(wèn)句常用will you? / can you? 如:
Don’t make a noise, will you? / can you?
●以let’s 開(kāi)頭的祈使句之后,附加疑問(wèn)句常用shall we? 如:
Let’s go out at about six o’clock, shall we?
⑤當(dāng)祈使句之后用and / or連接另一個(gè)分句時(shí),該祈使句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件句。如:
Try again and you will succeed. (=If you try again, you will succeed.)
Write it down, or you will forget it. (=If you don’t write it down, you will forget it.)
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