高考英語動詞語態(tài)詳解
動詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。
1.當(dāng)我們不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者,
2. 或者只需強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者時(shí)，要用被動語態(tài)。
被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：be + 過去分詞(PP) + (by …)
在改寫中應(yīng)注意：
1.把原來的賓語提到前面作被動語態(tài)的主語;
2.把動詞變成“be + 過去分詞”;
3.主動語態(tài)中的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語。
時(shí)態(tài) 被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) am/is/are done
一般過去時(shí) was/were done
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) am/is/are being done
過去進(jìn)行時(shí) was/were being done
一般將來時(shí)
shall/will/be going to be done
過去將來時(shí) Would be done
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have/has been done
過去完成時(shí) had been done
Eg.Some people attacked the towers.
S V O
The towers were attacked by some people.
S V
1) A car knocked him down yesterday.
-He was knocked down by a car yesterday.
2)Two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team.
The medical team is made up of by two….
3)When I got there, they were cutting up a fallen tree.
A fallen tree was being cut up, when I got there.
4)We’ll put on the play next Sunday.
The play will be put on next Sunday.
5)Workers are building a new teaching building in our school.
A new teaching building is being built by workers in our school.
6)They had completed the railway by the end of last year.
The railway had been completed by the end of last year.
7)We should protect the earth.
The earth should be protected.
8)You need to paint the wall.
The wall needs to be painted.
幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)
1.My uncle gave me a gift on my birthday.
I was given a gift on my birthday.
A gift was given to me on my birthday.
2.We often hear him play guitar.
He is often heard to play guitar
注意：see,watch,hear,notice,feel,make, listen to, look at等動詞/短語后作賓語補(bǔ)語的不定式都不帶to;但改成被動語態(tài)后必須帶to。
We should take care of the old people .
The old people should be taken care of.
以下為提高部分
主動式表被動義
1。動詞 (表示主語的屬性特征) + 副詞 (well/ badly/easily/smoothly),用主動式表被動義。
read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,lock, open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink,…
1.The books ____ well.
A. were sold B. sell C. have sold D. are being sold
2.This kind of cloth ____ easily.
A. has washed B. was washed C. washes D. is washed
2.不定式在某些形容詞后作狀語,且和句子的主語(或賓語)構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系時(shí),用主動式表被動義。
difficult,easy,hard,fit,pleasant,good, comfortable,light,heavy,safe,…
1.The fish is not fit _to eat_(eat).
2. We find English is hard _to learn_ (learn).
3.The article is difficult__ to understand_ (understand).
3.不定式作后置定語,與被修飾的名詞構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系,又和該句主語(或賓語)構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時(shí),用主動式表被動義。
1.I have a lot of homework ______(do).
2.I’ll give him some books ______ (read).
4表示狀態(tài)特征的連系動詞+adj./n.,用主動式表被動義。
(look,sound,feel,smell,taste, prove, appear,make,...)
The steel feels cold.
5 表示“開始、結(jié)束、運(yùn)動”的動詞用主動式表被動義。
(begin,open,start,stop,end,finish,shut, move,run,...)
The shop opens at 6 am. every day.
6. 作“需要”講的want/need/require后接動名詞作賓語時(shí)，用主動式表被動義;當(dāng)然也可接不定式的被動式作賓語。
Your jacket needs washing/ to be washed
Exercise:
1.Newspapers are made __ paper. Paper is made __ wood.
A.from/of B. of/from C. of/in D. in/from
2.A lot of new roads ___ built in the west of China.
must B. must be C. has D. have
3.This dictionary mustn’t ____ from the library.
A.take away B. taken away C. are taken away D. be taken away
4.My shoes ____ . I went out for a new pair.
A.is worn out B. wore out C. were worn off D. were worn out
5.His car ___ tomorrow.
A.will be repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has been repaired
6.When your homework ____ , we will go to play football.
A.is done B. are done C. had done D. will be done
7.He asked me _______.
A.what the paper is used B. what the paper was used for
C. what was the paper made of D. what’s the paper used as
8.Three fourths of the information on the internet ___ in English.
A.am B. is C. are D. be
9.English is widely used. Many business letters around the world ___ in it.
A.are written B. were written C. are writing D. were writing
10.This pair of scissors ___ in China.
A.Make B. made C. is made D. are made
11.Three quarters of the messages _____ by telegraph.
Was sent B. were sent C. Sent D. send
12. In the past 10 years, China ____ up many man-made satellites.
A.has been sent B. has sent C. was sent D. sent
13.They ___ to help the farmers with the harvest last autumn.
asked B. asking C. to ask D. were asked
14.We are always kept ____.
to smoking B. on smoking C. from smoking D. off smoking
15.Nothing can stop us ___ English.
A.learn B. learning C. learned D. learns
16.Mary ___ some songs in her room in the morning.
A.heard sing B. heard to sing C. was heard sing D. is heard to sing
17. Mary ___ an English song in her room last night.
A.was heard to sing B. is heard to sing C.was heard singing D. is heard singing
18. The guide said that the dinosaur eggs ____ about 95 million years ago.
lay B. were lay C. laid D. were laid
19. We found the ground ____ snow.
A.cover with B. is covered with C.was covered with D. was covering with
20. The shop assistant showed a hat _____ red silk to us.
A.made from B. made of C. was made of D. was made from
21. We can find many pictures ____ by Xu Beihong in the museum.
A.drawing B. drawn C. drew D. to draw
22.Have these words _____ by us yesterday?
been learnt B. learnt C. learned D. were learnt
23. Have you heard of a dinosaur _____ feathers?
A.was covered by B. was covered with C. covered with D. covered by
24.About 500 cars ___ in the factory next month.
A.were produced B. will be produced C. will be made D. have been produced
25.She ______ for 10 years.
A.has been marry B. has married C. has been married D. have marry
26.The sentence “Thank you” ___ in our everyday life.
A.Often use B. often use C.is often used D. are often used
27.Most business letters are ___ English.
A.Wrote by B. writing with C. Written in D. written by
28.The box is used __ sitting ___ a chair ___ Mike.
A.for,as, by B. by,for,of C. as,for,by D. for,by,as
29.Middle school students ___ not to smoke.
A.always tell B. are told always C. tell always D. are always told
30.The room had better ____ this afternoon.
A.be cleaned B. to be cleaned C. clean D. to clean
31. Everyone knows that paper ____ in China.
A was made first B. at first was made C. was made at first D. was first made
32. He said that his teeth needed ____.
A.to be repaired B. repair C. repaired D. to repair
33.The idea seems good but it needs_____.
A.Trying on B. To try at C. To be tried out D. Being tried
34. Tell me what _____ next.
A.to be finished B. Be finished C. To finish D. Finish
35. The dirty clothes ___ by his mother now.
are washed B. are washing C. were washed D. are being washed
36.Tom ! You _____on the phone just now, but you _____in.
A.wanted , were B. are wanted , are C. were wanted , weren’t D. called , aren’t
參考答案：1-5 BBDDA 6-10 ABBAC
11-15 BBDCB 16-20 DCDCB
21-25 BACBC 26-30 CCADA
31-36 DACADC
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