中考英語易錯題(19)
湖北省宜昌市第五中學(xué) 葛 林
1. lonely
[誤]She wanted to do her homework lonely.
[正]She wanted to do her homework alone
[析]lonely意為“寂寞的”、“孤單的”，如：The old man felt lonely. alone則意為“獨自的”、“單獨的”，如：He lives alone but he doesn't feel lonely.
2. long
[誤]I have been studying long for the exam.
[正]I have been studying for a long time for the exam.
[析]long用作表達時間的副詞時，在否定句及疑問句中最常用，但在肯定句中除與so, too, as ... as連用外，一般要用for a long time.
[誤]I'll call you as long as the book will be returned.
[正]I'll call you as long as the book is returned.
[析]as ... as引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中可以用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。
[誤]How long do you go to see your parents? Once a week.
[正]How often do you go to see your parents? Once a week.
[析]因為答語為每周一次所以問的是頻率，要用how often.
3. look
look for, find
look for 側(cè)重于“尋找”這個動作，如：What are you looking for? 而find則側(cè)重于結(jié)果，如：It is very difficult to find a job. 這里不能用look for，因為真正困難的是“找到”工作。
其他用法還有：
[例]He often looks back on his high school days.
[析]look back on something 為“回顧”、“回想”。
[例]I wish you wouldn't look down on (upon) the children's work.
[析]look down on (upon) 為“看不起”某人或某事。
[誤]I'm looking forward to see you.
[正]I'm looking forward to seeing you.
[析]look forward to詞組中的to是介詞，所以其后要加名詞或動名詞，不能接不定式。
4. lot
[誤]I can buy this dictionary now, because I have got much money.
[正]I can buy this dictionary now because I have got a lot of money.
[析]much money多用于疑問句與否定句中，而在肯定句中要用a lot of. lots of 與a lot of之間無多大區(qū)別，兩者都可以修飾可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞，所以常?？梢曰Q。
[誤]He is more happier now.
[正]He is a lot happier now.
[析]不可用more來修飾比較級，能修飾比較級的詞有very much, a lot, lots, any, no, rather, a little, a bit等。
5. make
[誤]The little boy was made repeat the whole story.
[正]The little boy was made to repeat the whole story.
[誤]The father made his son to do his homework from morning till night.
[正]The father made his son do his homework from morning till night.
[析]make 的句型為“make somebody do (doing) something”。但在被動語態(tài)中原來被省去的不定式符號to要被還原回來。
[誤]I always do this mistake.
[正]I always make this mistake.
[析]英語中do和make是十分不易弄清的兩個動詞，do常用于談?wù)摴ぷ鲿r或某種不確定的活動時，如：do a favour(幫個忙)，do one's best(竭盡全力)，do good(有益)，do harm(有害)，而多數(shù)情況下常用make, 如：make a suggestion, make a cake, make a bed(收拾床)，make a noise, make money等等。
[誤]This wine was made of grapes.
[正]This wine was made from grapes.
[析]當(dāng)成品制成后，其原料的性質(zhì)有所改變時應(yīng)用make from，否則用make of，如：This door was made of iron.
[誤]Hard work can often make up a lack of intelligence.
[正]Hard work can often make up for a lack of intelligence.
[析]make up是“創(chuàng)造”、“編織”，而make up for是“彌補……的不足之處”。上句應(yīng)譯為“勤奮工作可以彌補天資的不足?！豹?BR> [誤]We made up our mind to study hard.
[正]We made up our minds to study hard.
[析]mind這里是可數(shù)名詞，使用時要特別予以注意make up one's mind是“下定決心”之意。
[誤]Our class is made of twenty girls and twenty one boys.
[正]Our class is made up of twenty girls and twenty one boys.
[析]make up of ... 是“某物由……組成或構(gòu)成”。
6. many
[誤]I have many friends.
[正]I have a lot of friends.
[析]many和much多用于疑問句或否定句中，而在肯定句中則用處不多，尤其在非正式談話中。如：
--- How much money have you got?
--- I've got plenty.
[誤]You bought much too tomatoes.
[正]You bought too many tomatoes.
[析]too many后接可數(shù)名詞，too much后接不可數(shù)名詞，而much too后面接形容詞，意為“太多”。
[誤]For many a weeks it rained a lot.
[正]For many a week it rained a lot.
[析]many a意為“好多”、“許多”，但其后面要加單數(shù)名詞。
7. matter
[誤]No matter what you did.
[正]No matter what you did, I trusted you.
[析]No matter是個詞組，意為“不論”，它的語法功能是起連接作用，所以不能用于一個單獨的句子。it doesn't matter這個詞組則不是一個連接詞組，所以可以和一個單句連用，如：It doesn't matter what you say. (你說什么都不要緊。)
8. maybe
[誤]May be he is right.
[正]Maybe he is right.
[析]maybe是副詞，不要錯用為may be.
maybe, perhaps
這兩個詞的詞意一樣，maybe常用于非正式談話，而perhaps則多用在正式文體中。如： Maybe / Perhaps the weather will get better. 而Julius Caesar is perhaps the greatest of Shakespeare's early plays.
9. mend
[誤]I want to have my bike mended.
[正]I want to have my bike repaired.
[析]mend意為“縫補”，如：My mother mended my coat. 而repair是“修理”。
10. mind
[誤]Could you mind to close the door?
[正]Could you mind closing the door?
[誤]Try to make up your mind studying hard.
[正]Try to make up your mind to study hard.
[析]mind用作動詞時，其后加動名詞;而用作名詞意為“下定決心”時，其后要加不定式。要注意Do you mind if I smoke?的答語：如果你不介意，應(yīng)回答“No, go ahead.”如果你不想讓對方吸煙，則應(yīng)講“Yes, please don't.”
作者簡介：葛林，男，中學(xué)英語高級教師，曾在《21世紀(jì)英語報》《英語學(xué)習(xí)》《英語沙龍》等報刊雜志發(fā)表教學(xué)輔導(dǎo)類文章數(shù)十篇，并參與數(shù)項省部級科研課題，主要致力于初中英語中考及解題方法、技巧等教學(xué)方面的研究。
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