中考英語(yǔ)易錯(cuò)題(18)
湖北省宜昌市第五中學(xué) 葛 林
1. last
[誤]This is the newest news.
[正]This is the latest news.
[析]“最新消息”應(yīng)為latest news，因?yàn)樽钔淼降男侣劜攀亲钚孪ⅲ?qǐng)注意英語(yǔ)與漢語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。
last, the last
[誤]I saw my brother the last week.
[正]I saw my brother last week.
[析]當(dāng)談到與目前有關(guān)的上月、上星期等概念時(shí)只能用last month, last week, 而不能加定冠詞，the last可用于表示一系列詞的最后一個(gè)，如：That was the last Christmas I spent at home. 但the last可以用來(lái)表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一個(gè)長(zhǎng)時(shí)期，如：I am busy for the last week.
2. late
[誤]Yesterday I went home lately.
[正]Yesterday I went home late.
[析]late既可作形容詞又可作副詞;而lately則意為“最近的”，如：I haven't seen her lately.
late, latter, later, lately
late有兩個(gè)比較級(jí)，指時(shí)間較晚應(yīng)用later，如口語(yǔ)中常講：See you later.(一會(huì)見。)而latter則指按順序講的后者，或靠后的，其反意詞為former，如：the former president(前總統(tǒng))。又如：I can understand the latter part of the story. 而lately則意為“近來(lái)”、“不久前”。
3. lay
[誤]We lied on the beach.
[正]We lay on the beach.
[析]英文中有三個(gè)動(dòng)詞易混，在考試中也頻頻出現(xiàn)，它們的現(xiàn)在式、過去式、過去分詞以及現(xiàn)在分詞是：
lay ( vt. 放) laid, laid, laying
lie ( vi. 躺) lay, lain cying
lie ( vi. .說(shuō)謊) lied lied lying
4. learn
[誤]The teacher said: "You must study this poem by heart."
[正]The teacher said: "You must learn this poem by heart."
[析]study與learn在作“學(xué)習(xí)”講時(shí)，常?？梢曰Q，但learn側(cè)重于學(xué)習(xí)成果或初級(jí)階段的模仿性學(xué)習(xí)，如：The little baby is learning to walk. 而study則多側(cè)重于學(xué)習(xí)的過程，如：I'm studying at this college. 而learn … by heart則是“記住”、“背誦”之意。
5. leave
[誤]I'll leave Beijing to Shanghai.
[正]I'll leave Beijing for Shanghai.
[析]leave for一詞組為“去某地”，如對(duì)話中常講I'll leave for Shanghai. 因所離開的地點(diǎn)是雙方都知道的則可以省略。
leave, forget
[誤]I've forgotten my homework at home.
[正]I've forgotten my homework.
[正]I've left my homework at home.
[析]如果句中有地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)則不要用forget, 而要用leave.
6. lesson
[誤]I have two lessons of English.
[正]I have two English lessons.
[正]I have two lessons in English.
[析]“我有兩節(jié)英語(yǔ)課?！边@一表達(dá)法如上，但美國(guó)老師講他有兩節(jié)課時(shí)則多用“I have two classes.”teach somebody a lesson 為“教訓(xùn)某人”，或“要吸取教訓(xùn)”，如：Let this thing teaches you a lesson.
7. lend
[誤]Please borrow me your bike.
[正]Please lend me your bike.
[析]borrow是指“借入”，如：I want to borrow some books from the library. lend 是“借出”，如：I can lend you my bike. 而keep為“借多久”，如 How long can I keep it?
8. less
[誤]He has fewer money than she has.
[正]He has less money than she has.
[析]less是little的比較級(jí)，而fewer是few的比較級(jí)。要注意前者修飾不可數(shù)名詞，而后者修飾可數(shù)名詞。
9. let
[誤]The teacher lets the students clean the classroom as a punishment.
[正]The teacher makes the students clean the classroom as a punishment.
[析]雖然let, have, make有相同的用法，但make和have含有迫使某人做某事的意思。
[誤]Let's go to the park, will you?
[正]Let's go to the park, shall we?
[誤]Let us go to the park, shall we?
[正]Let us go to the park, will you?
[析]Let's go的反意疑問句是shall we?而Let us go的反意疑問句則是will you?
10. life
[誤]Many people lost their life in the Second World War.
[正]Many People lost their lives in the Second World War.
[析] life作為“生命”、“性命”時(shí)應(yīng)為可數(shù)名詞;當(dāng)泛指一般“生活”講時(shí)則為不可數(shù)名詞，如：Which do you prefer, town life or country life? 又如：Life is not all fun.
11. light
[誤]There is a desk with a lit lamp on it.
[正]There is a desk with a lighted lamp on it.
[析]light有兩個(gè)過去分詞：lighted和lit，當(dāng)用過去分詞作形容詞當(dāng)定語(yǔ)時(shí)只能用lighted. light 可以用作名詞，如：The moon gets its light from the sun. 也可以作形容詞，如：The classroom is very light. 還可以作動(dòng)詞，如：The little girl lit a match. 作形容詞時(shí)還有“輕”、“淺”等意，如：This box is light. I like light blue.
12. like
[誤]My sister is very as me.
[正]My sister is very like me.
[析] as 作為連詞其后要接從句，如： She is a good student as his brother used to be. 而like是介詞，其后接賓語(yǔ)。
[誤]Do you like swimming with me tonight?
[正]Would you like to swim with me tonight?
[析]like作為動(dòng)詞當(dāng)“喜歡”講時(shí)，其后面可接不定式也可接動(dòng)名詞，用不定式多表達(dá)一個(gè)一次性的動(dòng)作，如：I'm sorry I don't like to go swimming tonight. 用動(dòng)名詞則表示一個(gè)習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，如：I like swimming very much.
like, alike
作為形容詞，alike一般不作定語(yǔ)，而只作表語(yǔ)，如;The twins are very alike.
[誤]Would you like swimming with us?
[正]Would you like to swim with us?
[析]在would you like … 這一句型中，其后面只能接不定式，而不能接動(dòng)名詞。like的用法還要注意以下兩點(diǎn)：① He likes Tom. 為“他喜歡湯姆?！雹?He is like Tom. 為“他像湯姆?！钡诙湓挼膌ike為介詞，而第一句話的like為動(dòng)詞。
13. listen
[誤]You should hear the teahcer's advice.
[正]You should listen to the teacher's advice.
[析]hear多側(cè)重于聽到某事或某種聲音，而listen to則側(cè)重于聽的傾向性。如： We listen but hear nothing. 例句為“聽取某人意見”，所以只能用listen to someone's advice.
14. little
[誤]Don't worry, there is little time.
[正]Don't worry, there is a little time.
[誤]There is a little water. Shall I get some?
[正]There is little water. Shall I get some?
[析]要注意中英文在同一問題上的表達(dá)法是不同的。如中文“水不多了，我去取點(diǎn)吧?！庇⑽囊v“沒水了，我去取點(diǎn)吧?！豹?BR> little, small
little與small是近義詞，在作定語(yǔ)時(shí)常?？梢曰Q，如：a little girl或a small girl, 但little一般不作表語(yǔ)，如：The car over there is small. 一句中不要用little. 作定語(yǔ)時(shí)little常常帶有感情色彩，而small則帶有對(duì)比的含義。
15. live
[誤]Tom lives with his parents' money.
[正]Tom lives on his parents' money.
[誤]He lives on teaching.
[正]He lives by teaching.
[析]“靠吃某物為生”應(yīng)用live on something, 而live by是“靠某種生活手段為生”。
living, alive
living側(cè)重于生活得很好，身體不錯(cuò)，如：My grandfather is still living in his eighties. 而alive則強(qiáng)調(diào)沒有死而是活著的，如：Is that cat alive or dead?
作者簡(jiǎn)介：葛林，男，中學(xué)英語(yǔ)高級(jí)教師，曾在《21世紀(jì)英語(yǔ)報(bào)》《英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)》《英語(yǔ)沙龍》等報(bào)刊雜志發(fā)表教學(xué)輔導(dǎo)類文章數(shù)十篇，并參與數(shù)項(xiàng)省部級(jí)科研課題，主要致力于初中英語(yǔ)中考及解題方法、技巧等教學(xué)方面的研究。
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