中考英語易錯(cuò)題(16)
湖北省宜昌市第五中學(xué) 葛 林
1. hear
[誤]He was heard sing in the next room.
[正]He was heard to sing in the next room.
[析]hear somebody do something這一句式用于被動語態(tài)時(shí)要把原來省略的不定式to還原回來。而在hear somebody doing something這一句式中則不會出現(xiàn)上述問題。如，主動態(tài)：I heard her singing in the next room. 變?yōu)楸粍討B(tài)時(shí)為：She was heard singing in the next room. 這種用法還適用于see, look, observe, watch, notice, listen to等。
hear, listen to
hear一詞為聽見了什么，或聽到什么，強(qiáng)調(diào)其結(jié)果;而listen to則強(qiáng)調(diào)有意要聽，聽的傾向。如：I want to listen to you, but I hear nothing.
但詞組hear about (of)則為“聽說過”之意，如：I heard about this.(我聽說過此事。)而hear from則為“收到某人信件”之意：I often hear from my girl friend.
2. help
[誤]Please help my homework.
[正]Please help me do my homework.
[正]Please help me with my homework.
[析]help其句型是help somebody do (to do) something. 意為“幫某人作某事”，但在較古老的語法中不帶to的不定式表示句子的主語參加這個(gè)動作，如：He helps his mother cook the meal. 即“他和母親一起做飯。”而He helps me to do my homework. 則是“他指導(dǎo)我做作業(yè)”。但在現(xiàn)代英語中這個(gè)區(qū)別則往往被取消了。所以帶to與不帶to的不定式在句中意思相同，并無區(qū)別。
[誤]When I read the play I can't help to think of my childhood.
[正]When I read the play I can't help thinking of my childhood.
[析]can't help doing something是“身不由己，情不自禁做某事”。
[誤]Help yourself with some cakes.
[正]Help yourself to some cakes.
[析]中文中講“你自己拿蛋糕吃”，英文中要用help somebody to something.
3. here
[誤]Here the bus comes!
[正]Here comes the bus!
[析]副詞在句首時(shí)一般要用倒裝語序，即謂語動詞的位置前移。但是，若主語是人稱代詞，則還是要用正常語序，如：Here we are!
4. high
[誤]He is very high.
[正]He is very tall.
[析]英語中的兩個(gè)“高”，即high和tall，其中tall指人指物都是可以的，但high則只指物體的高，所以可以講This building is the highest building in the city.但tall一般不用來指山脈的高低。
5. hit
[誤]The mother got angry and hit the boy.
[正]The mother got angry and beat the boy.
[析]hit指打到某物之上，一般指一次性打擊，如He hit his head against the wall.(他把頭撞到了墻上。)而beat則指多次性的打擊。
6. home
[誤]I'm tired. It's time I went to home.
[正]I'm tired. It's time I went home.
[析] home此處用作副詞，所以不應(yīng)加to，又如：I arrived home at eleven thirty yesterday evening.而at home除了“在家”之意外，還有像“在家里一樣”之意。如Make yourself at home.(不要拘束就像在家一樣。)
home,house, family
home是指與親人一起居住的地方，可以講a letter from home，所以有人解釋home包括住處和家人。而house的側(cè)重點(diǎn)則在建筑物，如Many new houses were built this year. family一詞，作為整體講其謂語動詞用單數(shù)，如：Her family is a happy one.而作為家庭成員講時(shí)要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞，如：My family are all like swimming.
7. homework
[誤]I have so many homework to do today.
[正]I have so much homework to do today.
[析]homework為不可數(shù)名詞。同樣的詞還有work(work作為“著作”“作品”“工廠”講時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞)，fun, health information等。
8. hope
[誤]I hope you to be a good student.
[正]I hope you will be a good student.
[析]hope一詞不能接賓語再加上賓語補(bǔ)足語，但它可以接不定式作賓語，如：I hope to be a scientist.而wish卻可以接賓語加賓語補(bǔ)足語，如：I wish you to be a good student.
[誤]I don't hope you will go to the park tomorrow.
[正]I hope you won't go to the park tomorrow.
[析]hope 和think在否定句中的用法不同，如“我認(rèn)為你錯(cuò)了”。應(yīng)譯為：I don't think you are right.即否定在前。而hope則不能這樣用。又如在答語中“我不這樣認(rèn)為”應(yīng)譯為I don't think so.或I hope not.
[誤]I hope your help.
[正]I hope for your help.
[析]hope for為“期望某事發(fā)生”，雖然hope是及物動詞，但表達(dá)期望某事情發(fā)生要用“hope for+名詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)。
[誤]I was hopeful to pass the exam.
[正]I was hopeful of passing the exam.
[析]對某事存有希望應(yīng)用“hopeful of (about)+介詞賓語”這一結(jié)構(gòu)。
9. hospital
[誤]My mother was in the hospital for two weeks.
[正]My mother was in hospital for two weeks.
[析] in hospital為“住院就醫(yī)”。而in (at) the hospital 為“在醫(yī)院(工作)”。如：He is a doctor in (at) the hospital.類似的用法還有很多，如：“上學(xué)”為go to school，at school為“在校就讀”，go to bed為“上床睡覺”。
10. how
[誤]I want to know how to do.
[正]I want to know how to do it.
[析]how 是關(guān)聯(lián)副詞，要注意與關(guān)聯(lián)代詞的不同用法。如：I want to know what to do.
[誤]How do you think about it?
[正]What do you think about it?
[析]英文中表達(dá)你對某事的看法如何應(yīng)用What do you think about … 這一句式。
11. hurry
[誤]Let's hurry. There is a little time left.
[正]Let's hurry. There is little time left.
[誤]Don't worry. There is little time left.
[正]Don't worry. There is a little time left.
[析]請注意英語中的慣用法：“快點(diǎn)吧，沒時(shí)間了”，或“別著急還有一點(diǎn)時(shí)間?！豹?BR> [誤]The car is hurrying through the street.
[正]The car is rushing through the street.
[析]hurry一詞只用于人而不用于物體。
12. hundred
[誤]There are two hundreds people here.
[正]There are two hundred people here.
[誤]There are hundred of people here.
[正]There are hundreds of people here.
[析]hundred一詞前如有數(shù)字時(shí)不論多少其后都不加s，這和thousand(千)等數(shù)量詞的用法一樣，而hundreds of是數(shù)百的，這一詞組一定要加s.
13. hurt
[誤]I don't want to wound her feelings.
[正]I don't want to hurt her feelings.
[析]wound是指戰(zhàn)場上的刀槍傷(名詞)，或用刀槍“傷害”“打傷”(動詞)。
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