中考英語(yǔ)易錯(cuò)題(8)
湖北省宜昌市第五中學(xué) 葛 林
1. come
[誤]I came across with an old friend in the street yesterday.
[正]I came across an old friend in the street yesterday.
[析] come across是“偶然碰見(jiàn)、遇見(jiàn)”，要直接加賓語(yǔ)，如：I've just come across a beautiful poem in this magazine.
[誤]A: Where do you come from? B: I come from the station.
[正]A: Where did you come from? B: I came from the station.
[正]A: Where do you come from? B: I come from China.
[析] Where do you come from?意為“你是什么地方的人?”而Where did you come from?則是“你從何處來(lái)?”
[誤]The stars are coming out from the cloud.
[正]The stars are coming out of the cloud.
[析]come out of意為“從……地方出來(lái)”。
come in, come into, enter
come in與come into的意義相同，但come into后面要加賓語(yǔ)，而come in后面不用賓語(yǔ)。如I found someone came into my room. The door opened and the child came in.
enter常作為及物動(dòng)詞使用，如：The bus entered the English tunnel.
2. congratulate
[誤]I want to congratulate you for your success with all my heart.
[正]I want to congratulate you on your success with all my heart.
[析]動(dòng)詞congratulate somebody on something是“向某人祝賀某事”。其名詞congratulation在用時(shí)一般要用復(fù)數(shù)，如：I offered him my congratulations on his success.又如：Congratulations!
3. cook
[誤]My father is a good cooker.
[正]My father is a good cook.
[析]很多動(dòng)詞加上er則變?yōu)閳?zhí)行該動(dòng)作的一種人，如work --- worker, teach --- teacher. 但cook即是動(dòng)詞“做飯”，同時(shí)名詞也是“廚師”。而cooker則是“廚具”、“炊具”之意。如：I will cook the dinner. I bought a good press cooker(高壓鍋)。
4. corner
[誤]There is a post office in the corner of the street.
[正]There is a post office at the corner of the street.
[誤]A girl sat at the corner of the room.
[正]A girl sat in the corner of the room.
[析] in the corner是在建筑物內(nèi)部的角上，而at the corner是在外部的角上，如：There is a big tree at the corner of the building.
5. cost
[誤]I cost ten dollars for the book.
[正]I spent ten dollars on the book.
[誤]I cost two hours to do my homework.
[正]It took me two hours to do my homework.
[析]cost，spend，take都可以作“花費(fèi)”講，但用法不同。cost的用法是“something + cost + somebody + 時(shí)間或金錢(qián)”，如：The book cost me ten dollars. spend的用法是“somebody + spend + 時(shí)間 + (in)doing something”，如：I spent two hours (in) writing this book. 或“somebody + spend + 金錢(qián) + on something”，如：I spend two dollars on this book. 而take的用法則要用邏輯主語(yǔ)it：“It + takes + somebody + 時(shí)間 + to do something”, 如：It took me an hour to clean the classroom.
6. country
[誤]You can find cows in a country.
[正]You can find cows in the country.
[析]country即可作“國(guó)家”講，也可作“農(nóng)村”講。當(dāng)作“農(nóng)村”講時(shí)，一定要加定冠詞，而且只有單數(shù)形式。
[誤]Farmers live in the countries.
[正]Farmers live in the country.
[析]但作為“國(guó)家”講時(shí)則可有單、復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如：Japan is an Asian country. Japan, China, and India are Asian countries.另外，country一般指的是地理概念上的國(guó)家，如：New Zealand is an agricultural country. 而nation多指民族組成的國(guó)家，如：The Chinese nation(中華民族)。state多側(cè)重于政權(quán)方面的區(qū)域、國(guó)家范圍，如：the state farm(國(guó)營(yíng)農(nóng)場(chǎng))。
7. cross
[誤]There are traffic lights at the cross.
[正]There are traffic lights at the crossing.
[析]cross作為名詞講時(shí)是十字架、十字形的東西，如：Red Cross(紅十字會(huì))。
[誤]The little boy is going to across the street.
[正]The little boy is going to cross the street.
[析]across是副詞或介詞，但不能作動(dòng)詞用。
cross, pass
cross是指橫過(guò)某地，如：He crossed the square. 而pass則強(qiáng)調(diào)從某物體旁經(jīng)過(guò)，如：I mailed some letters when I passed the post office.
8. crowd
[誤]The room soon was crowded by people.
[正]The room soon was crowded with people.
[析]crowded在這句話(huà)中應(yīng)作為形容詞，所以這句話(huà)不是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)而是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，如：The room was crowded with books.
9. cup
[誤]A silver glass was given to the winner.
[正]A silver cup was given to the winner.
[誤]My mother was looking for the whisky cup.
[正]My mother was looking for the whisky glass.
[析]glass一般指由玻璃制成的器皿，而cup多指用陶瓷或金屬制成的杯子，且cup尤其用在獎(jiǎng)杯上。喝酒多用的是玻璃制成的杯子，如我們講I drink a glass of wine at supper. 而不講I drink a cup of wine at supper.
10. dance
[誤]We'll invite you and your wife to a dance party.
[正]We'll invite you and your wife to a dancing party.
[正]We'll invite you and your wife to a dance.
[正]We'll invite you and your wife to a ball.(美語(yǔ)中常用ball作為舞會(huì)。)
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