暑假過后，新初三生們迎來了初中最重要的一年——初三。為方便2013年中考考生及家長查詢相關(guān)信息，出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)中考頻道特別搜集匯總了中考英語知識點以供參考：
句子的種類
1.英語中按使用目的或功用分為四類：陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句。
A.陳述句。
○1 陳述句說明一個事實或陳述一個人的看法。陳述句分為肯定陳述句和否定陳述句兩種。
a.陳述句的肯定式。I have already posted the photos. / They are students. / I must go now . / He was reading a book at 8:00 last night.
b.陳述句的否定形式。
(1)謂語動詞是系動詞be, 助動詞have, will, shall, be或情態(tài)動詞，只須在其后面加not構(gòu)成否定句。
She isn't a student . / He hasn't been to the Great Wall . / I can not swim . / You will not go there tomorrow. / They aren't sleeping .
(2)若謂語動詞是實義動詞，在實義動詞前加上do not，第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時用does not，過去時用did not。
He didn't send me an invitation .
(3)由具有否定含義的詞never, nobody, hardly, little, dislike, seldom, few, too…to等構(gòu)成的否定句。
Not all the books in our school library can be renewed .
B. 疑問句。
○1 疑問句提出問題。英語中有四種疑問句：一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句和反意疑問句。
a.一般疑問句：以一個助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、動詞be或have開始，語調(diào)為升調(diào)，通常要求以yes或no回答的疑問句。
(1)一般疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：
Be動詞(is, am, are, was, were)+主語+表語…?
Have動詞(表示"有"：have, has, had)+主語+賓語…?
情態(tài)動詞(can, may, must等)+主語+行為動詞或be…?
助動詞(do, does, did)+主語+行為動詞…?
助動詞(shall, will, have, has)+主語+行為動詞…?
(2)否定形式的疑問句，通常把助動詞與not縮寫，放在句首。構(gòu)成回答：
Aren't you a student? Yes, I am .(不，我是) No, I am not .(對，我不是)
b.特殊疑問句：以疑問代詞who, what, whom, whose, which或疑問副詞when, where, why, how開頭。
(1)如果疑問詞在句中作主語或其修飾主語時，其語序如陳述句。Who is on duty today ? / Which book is yours .
(2)如果疑問詞在句中不作主語或其修飾主語，用"疑問詞+一般疑問句"形式。Where have you been ?
c.選擇疑問句：提出兩種或兩種以上的情況，供回答者選擇，并由or連用，但不能用Yes或no 來回答。
(1)疑問句+選擇成分1+or+選擇成分2?Do you want coffee or cocoa ? / Are you an Englishman or an American ?
(2)特殊問句+選擇答案1+or+選擇答案2?who runs fast, Tom , Mary or Li lei .
d.反意疑問句：陳述部分+提問部分。
(1)◎前肯后否，前否后肯。 ◎前后人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)要一致，疑問部分要用代詞?！蚴聦嵒卮鹩肶es, 非事實回答用No . ◎前陳述句用降調(diào)，后問句用升調(diào);如對前陳述句內(nèi)容有把握，后問句也可用降調(diào)?！蛉绻懊骊愂鼍渲杏蟹穸ㄔ~：hardly, little, few, never, rarely, nothing, none , nobody, not, no 等，后面疑問句應(yīng)該用肯定式。
(2)陳述句中有：have to, had to, ought to, used to, don't(imperative), somebody / someone, everybody / everyone時，附加疑問句需分別用：don't, didn't, shouldn't, usedn't / didn't, will, they等。
My grandma used to be a teacher, usedn't / didn't she ? Don't turn on the TV set, will you ?
(3)陳述句部分是復(fù)合句時，提問部分的主語和助動詞要與主句一致。He was reading when the teacher came in, wasn't he ?
(4)在"I think(guess, suppose, believe)+賓語從句"中，當(dāng)主語是第一人稱時，附加疑問句的主語和謂語應(yīng)與后面賓語從句相一致;但若主語不是第一人稱時，則附加問句與前面主句一致。
I don't think he can pass the exam, can he ? He believed you had seen her before, didn't he ?
(5)在含有情態(tài)動詞must 的句子中，若must 表示推測，提問用must后面的動詞。若must表示有必要時，用needn't。若mustn't表示禁止時，提問用must。
He must be tired, isn't he ? You must go to Gaozhou, needn't ? You mustn't smoke here, must you ?
(6)陳述句部分為祈使句，疑問部分常用will you(表請求)。注：let's 用shall we(包括說話人)，let us 用will you(不包括說話人)。Have a cup of tea, will you ? Let's go now, shall we ? Let us go now, will you ?
e.祈使句：可表示請求、命令、勸告、建議等。(省主語，動詞用原形)
(1)let + 第一人稱，第三人稱+(not)動詞原形。Let me try again .
(2)動詞原形+其他成分。Listen to me carefully .
(3)Don't (never)+動詞原形+其他成分。Don't look out of the window .
(4)Do+動詞原形+其他成分。Do give him another chance .
f.感嘆句：表示喜怒哀樂等強烈感情，句尾用"!"。What 修飾名詞，how 修飾形容詞、副詞。
(1) How + 形容詞 / 副詞。
◎ How + 形容詞 + 主 + 謂 + ooo ! How cold it is today ! How clever the boy is !
◎ How + 副詞 + 主 + 謂 + ooo ! How fast she runs ! How hard the girls are working !
◎ How + 形容詞 + a / an + 名詞 + 主 + 謂 + ooo !How clever a boy he is ! How funny an elephant it is !
(2)What + 名詞。
◎ What + a / an + 形容詞 + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+ 主 + 謂 + ooo ! What a fine day it is today !
What an honest man his father is !
◎ What + 形容詞 + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) + 主 + 謂 +ooo!What tall trees they are !What good students the boys are !
◎ What + 形容詞 + 不可數(shù)名詞 + 主 + 謂 + ooo !What cold water it is ! What delicious milk it is !
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