2013中考英語備考:被動語態(tài)考點例析(必背重點)

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    一、考查要點:
    主要考查一般現(xiàn)在時,一般過去時以及一般現(xiàn)在時帶有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的用法。例如:
    1. Today Chinese _____by more and more people around the world.
    A. was spoken B. is spoken C. spoke D. speak(2006北京市大綱卷)
    2. -What should we do first if we want to develop our village?
    -A lot of new roads _____,I think.
    A. have to build B. must build C. have built D. must be built(2006湖北黃岡)
    (Key:1. B 2. D)
    簡析:被動語態(tài)的句子是由“助動詞be+動詞的過去分詞”這一形式構(gòu)成的。過去分詞永遠不變,所有的變化即人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)的變化,都體現(xiàn)在助動詞be的變化上。
    二、特殊情況:
    (一)在沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者時,“by+動作的執(zhí)行者”可以省略。
    1. I won’t leave my office until my work .
    A. finish B. will finish C. are finished D. is finished(2006江蘇南通)
    簡析:D.動作的執(zhí)行者很明確,可以省略。
    (二)不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰,使用被動語態(tài)比較適宜。
    2. Dad,the phone is ringing. I guess either you or Mum_____on the phone.
    A. is wanted B. are wanted C. wants D. want(2006江蘇宿遷)
    簡析:A.不清楚動作的執(zhí)行者,用被動語態(tài)。
    (三)用于被動語態(tài)的短語動詞不可丟掉動詞后面的介詞或副詞。
    3. Students can’t take magazines out of the reading-room. (改為被動語態(tài))
    Magazines can’t _____ the reading-room by students.(2006重慶市)
    簡析:填be taken out of. take out of為短語動詞,變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)后,不要漏掉out of.
    (四)帶雙賓語的動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,常有兩種方法:把主動語態(tài)的直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語,間接賓語前通常加介詞to或for;或把主動語態(tài)的間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語,直接賓語不變。
    4. My uncle sent me a Christmas present last year.(改為被動語態(tài))
    A Christmas present _____ to me by my uncle last year.(2006重慶市)
    簡析:填was sent.
    三、補充說明:
    (一)一般將來時的被動語態(tài)
    1. The village is building a school. I hope it _____ before August this year.
    A. finishes B. will finish C. is finished D. will be finished(2006江西省大綱卷)
    簡析:D.一般將來時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為:will/shall+be+及物動詞的過去分詞。
    (二)現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)
    2. China’s sports stars Yao Ming and Liu Xiang _____ Goodwill Ambassadors(親善大使)for Shanghai.
    A. has been named B. have been named
    C. has named D. have named (2006江蘇徐州)
    簡析:B.現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為:have/has been+及物動詞的過去分詞。
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