考情動(dòng)態(tài)分析
書(shū)面表達(dá)(高考25-30分)宗旨是測(cè)試考生的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)能力，看其是否能夠運(yùn)用學(xué)過(guò)的知識(shí)和掌握的技能進(jìn)行思想交流。他不僅能測(cè)試出考生的詞匯量、語(yǔ)法、書(shū)法等方面的能力，更能測(cè)試出考生組織文章、輸出所學(xué)知識(shí)的表達(dá)能力。
從歷年來(lái)的高考試卷來(lái)看，書(shū)面表達(dá)是指導(dǎo)(限制)性的寫(xiě)作：即按照題目(或一段文字或及幅圖畫(huà))所給的條件、內(nèi)容、要求、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、在限制的字?jǐn)?shù)(100個(gè)詞左右)內(nèi)，去完成寫(xiě)作。它不同與其他命題寫(xiě)作文，可以隨意發(fā)揮，也不是簡(jiǎn)單的翻譯，而必須做到行文切題，緊扣中心思想，不漏要點(diǎn)，符合語(yǔ)法，并且意思連貫，文理通順，語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確得當(dāng)。
一、書(shū)面表達(dá)解題方法與技巧：
1。認(rèn)真審題，理解題意
首先要看準(zhǔn)文章的寫(xiě)作體裁，其次,才能定時(shí)態(tài)、定人稱(chēng)、定格式(因?yàn)椴煌奈捏w的格式不同)，然后再考慮語(yǔ)言，語(yǔ)氣的運(yùn)用。一般的記敘文，說(shuō)明文，議論文等多用書(shū)面語(yǔ);而應(yīng)用文，如書(shū)信，口頭通知，便條等多用口頭語(yǔ)。記敘文、日記等一般可用過(guò)去時(shí)，而說(shuō)明文、通知等一般要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)。 如果是看圖寫(xiě)文，看懂每幅圖之間的聯(lián)系至關(guān)重要。寫(xiě)要點(diǎn)。據(jù)每幅圖寫(xiě)出一至兩句話(huà)。因?yàn)槊磕旮呖紩?shū)面表達(dá)一般控制在10句話(huà)，120個(gè)詞左右。
2。連句成文。
每句話(huà)寫(xiě)好后，用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞連接起來(lái)，使之上下連貫，呼應(yīng)，通順，簡(jiǎn)潔。
3。查錯(cuò)漏。
完稿后，檢查一下有沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)，拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤并逐一加以改正。
4。書(shū)寫(xiě)規(guī)范 卷面干靜
任何一種形式的書(shū)面文字材料，都要求書(shū)寫(xiě)規(guī)范，拼寫(xiě)準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤，字跡清晰，按書(shū)寫(xiě)規(guī)則大小寫(xiě)及移行正確。且記不要有鐵絲網(wǎng)、地雷、籬笆之類(lèi)的東西，卷面一定要講究干凈(不要用鉛筆答題，要用圓珠筆、鋼筆)。
不同的書(shū)面表達(dá)形式有不同的格式，如書(shū)信、日記、通知等各有其特殊形式，都要按要求書(shū)寫(xiě)規(guī)范。書(shū)寫(xiě)時(shí)除了注意移行規(guī)則外，還應(yīng)注意字母寫(xiě)得圓滑飽滿(mǎn)，有15%左右的傾斜度，每行寫(xiě)10個(gè)單詞左右，詞與詞的距離要小、行與行的距離稍大些，寫(xiě)10行左右，這樣字段既符合要求，也顯得短小精悍。
同時(shí)，還要注意文章的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾寫(xiě)好，要用最流行、最回味的語(yǔ)言和語(yǔ)句去寫(xiě)，這樣更會(huì)得到評(píng)卷老師的好感。只有這樣您才會(huì)得到滿(mǎn)意而有理想的高分。
總之,書(shū)面表達(dá)必須在所提示的范圍內(nèi),根據(jù)不同文體的特點(diǎn)和要求來(lái)解題,努力做到:要點(diǎn)全,句子通,條理清.指代明確,時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng),格式標(biāo)準(zhǔn),書(shū)寫(xiě)工整,卷面干凈.當(dāng)然”冰凍三尺,非一日之寒”.因此,要寫(xiě)好書(shū)面表達(dá),除了掌握一定的寫(xiě)作方法及技巧,還要特別注意平時(shí)知識(shí)的日益積累.因此.平時(shí)要多讀,多寫(xiě),多記一些句型并掌握詞匯的用法,多背一些優(yōu)美的句子及范文.只有具備了一定語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和語(yǔ)言組織能力,積累大量的語(yǔ)言材料,再加上平時(shí)的強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練, 同學(xué)們的寫(xiě)作水平就一定會(huì)大大地提高,在高考中就一定會(huì)寫(xiě)出更好的文章來(lái)。
為了幫助同學(xué)們?cè)谄綍r(shí)寫(xiě)作練習(xí)的時(shí)候時(shí)刻牢記這些寫(xiě)作的基本要領(lǐng)，特編順口溜如下：
細(xì)審題，巧構(gòu)思，列要點(diǎn)，防遺漏。寫(xiě)日記，同漢語(yǔ);書(shū)信，通知格式要牢記?？辞鍒D表細(xì)梳理，寫(xiě)人記事按順序;完稿后查遺漏，整潔干凈莫忘記。
二、高考英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)高分策略：
從遣詞，造句，謀篇三個(gè)方面分析。
1。遣詞的原則：
使用高等級(jí)詞匯及短語(yǔ), 如果僅僅記住幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單基礎(chǔ)的詞匯,而且一味的重復(fù)低水平的英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn),還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有達(dá)到大學(xué)的入學(xué)要求。這就要求考生在平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練和考試當(dāng)中，有意識(shí)的強(qiáng)化 “復(fù)雜，高級(jí)”這兩個(gè)概念，使自己的作文能力區(qū)別于普通學(xué)生的作文，使自己一下子就站在一個(gè)比別人高的位置上，充分顯示自己的實(shí)力。平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中注意總結(jié)各種各樣的詞匯。以描述人物的詞匯為例：
表達(dá)人物愛(ài)憎感情： like, love, be interested in, be fond of… hate, dislike, be tired of, lose interest in… happy, excited, pleased, satisfied, angry, sad, worried, disappointed, terrified, mad, frightened…
介紹人物的影響及人們對(duì)人的評(píng)價(jià)：
He became famous for his new theory.
The people had come to love him as an inspiring leader.
We regard Li Fei as our model. Lei Feng has been praised for his communist spirit.
People spoke highly of him and all respected him.
常見(jiàn)描述人物性格，外貌和身體狀況等的詞語(yǔ) good-looking /funny-looking /strong-looking /ugly-looking /dirty-looking /ordinary-looking /blue-eyed /white-eyed /warm-hearted /light-hearted /kind-hearted /near-sighted /far-sighted /foolish /stupid /silly /clever /smart /wise /bright / diligent /intelligent /lazy /hard working, etc.
2。造句的原則：
句式多變，語(yǔ)法活用，句子是表達(dá)一個(gè)完整意思的最小當(dāng)位，所以造句能力在英文寫(xiě)作中是非常重要的。好的英語(yǔ)句子能夠生動(dòng)，形象，準(zhǔn)確的表達(dá)內(nèi)容。所以要想寫(xiě)出漂亮的書(shū)面表達(dá)，必須從寫(xiě)好句子開(kāi)始。
英語(yǔ)基本句型及造句:
主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)(介詞,名詞短語(yǔ)或從句)
The sun rises up in the east and sets in the west.
We get up early every morning.
The meeting lasted 2 hours.
主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞+副詞
This kind of wine drinks well and sells well.
The suit wears well. Glass breaks easily.
主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+介詞+賓語(yǔ)
??? We all agreed on the terms.
He hates to argue with his wife about such small matters.
All these things are to be answered for.
主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+形容詞
??? Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.
He was so tired that he fell asleep the moment he went to bed.
Your explanation sounds reasonable.
主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)
I want your promise.
Have your fixed my watch?
This factory produces 1000 cars a week.
主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)
He paid me a visit yesterday.
He owed me 50 yuan.
He wrote his family a letter yesterday.
主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ) (to do)
I will get someone to repair the recorder for you.
I didn’t mean to hurt you.
He invited me to teach at a well-known university.
主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ) (do)
I often hear her sing the song.
The boss made workers work 15 hours a day.
Don’t forget to have him come.
主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞
I heard her singing in the next room.
We could feel our heats beating fast.
Did you observe the birds flying around the trees?
主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞
I must have my watch repaired.
We must get he task finished on time.
Speak louder to make yourself understood by everybody.
主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)(動(dòng)名詞)
I suggested putting off the meeting.
They all avoided mentioning the matter.
We can’t help laughing at the news.
主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)(不定式)
I can’t afford to buy such a large house.
Don’t pretend to know what you don’t.
He feared to speak in her presence.
主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)(名詞/代詞)+介詞+賓語(yǔ)
Nothing can prevent us from going forward.
Thank you for your help.
He demanded an answer from me.
練習(xí)寫(xiě)好句子的方法一：合并句子
It was early in the morning. Mr. Smith was in his garden. He was watering flowers. Early in the morning, Mr. Smith was watering flowers in his garden. A girl was crossing a road. The girl was pretty. The road was wide. A pretty girl was crossing a wide road.
寫(xiě)好句子的方法二：改寫(xiě)句子
1) Mr. Green is a tall man, who wears a pair of thick glasses. (改成介詞短語(yǔ)做伴隨狀語(yǔ)) 1) The book cost me 300 yuan. Mr. Green is a tall man with a pair of thick glasses.
2) The ice on the lake is too thin for us to skate on. (使用so…that…結(jié)構(gòu)改寫(xiě)句子) The ice on the lake is so thin that we can’t skate on it.
練習(xí)方法三：一句多譯
這本書(shū)花了我300元。
I spent 300 yuan on the book. /I paid 300 yuan for the book. /The price of the book is 300 yuan. /It cost me 300 yuan to buy the book.
我不懂什么英語(yǔ)，李明也不懂。
I don’t know any English, nor does Li Ming./ I hardly know any English, nor does Li Ming. /I hardly know any English, neither does Li Ming. /I hardly know any English, no more does Li Ming. /I hardly know any English, so it is with Li Ming./ I know no more English than Li Ming does. /I know as little English as Li Ming does.
一到家，我就把所見(jiàn)到的一切都記了下來(lái)。
On/Upon arriving home, I wrote down everything I had seen./ As soon as I arrived home, I wrote down everything I had seen. /The moment I arrived home, I wrote down everything I had seen. /The instant I arrived home, I wrote down everything I had seen./ No sooner had I arrived home than I wrote down everything I had seen.
昨天下午他才來(lái)。
He came here yesterday afternoon. /He didn’t come here until yesterday afternoon. /Not until yesterday afternoon did he come here./ It was yesterday afternoon that he arrived here. /It was not until yesterday afternoon that he came here.
3。謀篇的原則：
滿(mǎn)分作文都有個(gè)共性就是有效地使用了語(yǔ)句間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。文章的連貫性和緊湊感是很重要的。句子作為最小的表達(dá)意思的語(yǔ)言當(dāng)位如果只是被隨意的整合，是無(wú)法達(dá)到有效表達(dá)的目的。常見(jiàn)的句子之間的連接手段有： 使用代詞指代上一句中的名詞 重復(fù)使用上一句中的詞 使用連接詞 使用平行結(jié)構(gòu)高考大綱中常用的連接詞:
表并列補(bǔ)充關(guān)系的: what is more, besides, also, as well, moreover, furthermore, in addition,
表轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比關(guān)系的: but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, although, different from, in contrast to, despite, in spite of, whereas, unlike, nevertheless, not only…but also, here…there, years ago…today, this…that, the former…the latter, then…now, the first…whereas the second, once…now, on the one hand…on the other hand, some…others,
表因果關(guān)系的: since, as, because (of), for, so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that,
表?xiàng)l件關(guān)系的: if, on the condition (that), as long as, unless, or else,
表時(shí)間關(guān)系的: when, after, before, until, as soon as, later, afterwards, soon, lately, recently, since, from then on, eventually, in the meantime, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early this morning/year/century, after an interval, now, after, presently, later, afterward, somewhat later, finally, at last, all of a sudden,
表特定的順序關(guān)系: above all, first of all, firstly, first, secondly, the , next, finally, in the end, at last, 表?yè)Q一種方式表達(dá): in other words, that is to say, to put it another way,
表進(jìn)行舉例說(shuō)明: for instance, for example, like, such as,
表陳述事實(shí): in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth
表總結(jié): on the whole, in short, all in all, general, in a word, in conclusion, in closing, in summary. 等等。
還有分詞短語(yǔ)、復(fù)合句等。特別要注意謂語(yǔ)用什么基本時(shí)態(tài)以及前后的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)，注意句子與句子之間的有機(jī)聯(lián)系，段落與段落之間的自然過(guò)渡。這樣既能顯示出你的高中水平，又能使文章層次清楚，文理通順、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)密緊湊，銜接自然。這樣只要要點(diǎn)全，準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤，語(yǔ)句通順流暢那就是高水平、高檔次的作文。
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