2012高考英語:單項選擇題答題技巧

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    一、命題原則
    突出語境,強化語意,強調(diào)運用
    二、單項選擇題命題特點
    覆蓋面廣,重點突出
    突出在語境中運用知識的考查
    淡化語法結(jié)構(gòu),重視能力
    三、英語單項選擇解題技巧
    (一)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)
    1.This is the main use that the scientists make______ natural resources.
    A. in????????????????? B. up of????????????????????? C. from????????????????????? D. of
    有些試題的考本來十分簡單, 但命題者卻通過使用定語從句,或者將我們十分熟悉的固定詞組有意拆開,重新組合,使我們在結(jié)構(gòu)上產(chǎn)生錯覺。that the scientists make…是定語從句,關(guān)系代詞that是代表先行詞use的,將其置入定語從句中,就得到that the scientists make use..顯然是考查make use of 這一詞組。正確答案是D。
    (二)找準關(guān)鍵詞語
    2.It is______ any wonder that his friend doesn't like watching television much.
    A. no??????????????? B. such????????????????????? C. nearly????????????????????? D. hardly
    此題的關(guān)鍵詞是any, 因為any常用于疑問句、否定句或條件句中,而此句不是疑問句,也不是條件句,所以應(yīng)該是否定句。no本身就相當于not any,于是排除A。.因此,正確答案D(hardly=almost not)。
    (三)補全省略成分
    3.---What do you think made Mary so upset?
    --- ______her new bike.
    A. Lost????????????? B. As she lost??????????? C. Losing??????? D. Because of losing
    口語中會使用一些省略句,作題是若將被省略的成分補充完整,答案就會一目了然。此題將答句補全,就是Losing her new bike made Mary so upset。顯然,只能選C,用動名詞作主語。
    (四)適當轉(zhuǎn)換句式
    4.---Mr. Wang ,whom would you rather ______ the important? meeting?
    ---Tom.
    A. have attend?????????????????????????????????? B. have attended
    C. having attend??????????????????????????????? D. have to attend
    有時將題干的句式轉(zhuǎn)換成自己更熟悉的句式,就很容易選出正確答案。如:將疑問句、強調(diào)句、感嘆句或倒裝句改為陳述句,將被動句改為主動句,將無序句調(diào)整為正常句。此題若將疑問句改為陳述句,就是I have Tom attend the important meeting。其中would rather 后必須跟動詞原形,have sb do sth.所以選A。
    (五)注意標點符號
    5.There are eight tips in Dr. Roger’s lecture on sleep, and one of them is:______ to bed early unless you think it is necessary.
    A. doesn’t go?????? B. not to go????????? C. not going???????????????????? D. don’t go
    標點有時對我們作題有提示的作用。此題很容易選B,認為是不定式做表語。其實冒號已經(jīng)表明后面是Dr.Roger講的原話,這原話應(yīng)當是個句子,只有選D才構(gòu)成一個否定的祈使句。
    (六)刪除干擾部分
    6.We agree to accept______ they thought was the best tourist guide.
    A. whichever?????????? B. whoever??????????? C. whatever??????????????????? D. whomever
    就是將起干擾作用的定語從句、介詞短語或插入語,如I think/ suppose/believe,do you think/ suppose/believe, you know,of course等刪除,從而更容易地選出正確答案。此題去掉插入語they thought ,可知賓語從句缺主語,又能與the best tourist guide 搭配的,只有答案B。
    (七)利用對稱結(jié)構(gòu)
    7.---English has a large vocabulary, hasn't it?
    ---Yes. ______ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.
    A. Know??????????????? B. Knowing??????????? C. To know??????????????????? D. Known
    就是在作題的過程中要善于利用and, but等并列連詞。若前面是個句子,后面也是個句子,反之亦然;若連接的是幾個動詞,這幾個動詞也必定是同一時態(tài)或同一形式。此題第二個and后面是個句子,所以前面也必定是一個句子,但是前面這個句子沒有主語,只能選用動詞原形,構(gòu)成一個祈使句,因此答案是A。
    又如:On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, ______some bananas and visited her cousin.
    A. bought?????????????? B. buying??????????????? C. to buy??????????????????????? D. buy
    (八)檢查有無謂語
    8.He wrote five novels, two of ______translated into English.
    A. it????????????? B. them???????????? C. which?????????? D. that
    有時看似有兩個句子,于是就選連詞,正好掉進命題人設(shè)計的陷阱。事實上,有時貌似句子的“句子”卻沒有謂語,其中的動詞只是一個非謂語動詞(多為分詞)。此題很容易誤選C,以為后面是非限制性定語從句。事實上, translated是過去分詞,而不是謂語動詞,后面不是句子,無須連詞,所以答案是B。若在translated前加上were,were translated就是謂語,這時就 選連詞which。
    (九)熟記固定搭配
    9.Mr. Smith used to smoke ______ but he has given it up.
    A. seriously???????????? B. heavily??????????? C. badly?????????? D. hardly
    在平時的學習中注意積累一些常見的固定句式、動詞與副詞的搭配、名詞和形容詞的搭配等。因為指煙癮或酒癮很重,要用heavy或heavily ,因此答案是B。此外,雨雪下得“大”、煙霧“濃”、交通“擁擠”、波濤“洶涌”等,也用heavy。
    (十)消除思維定勢
    10.Everyone here will thank the firefighter for the things they have done to prevent fires______ the environment safer.
    A. make????????????????? B. to making???????????? C. to make???????? D. from making
    有些試題的題干,看上去好象就是固定搭配,我們高興地完成以后,結(jié)果卻做錯了。要從句子結(jié)構(gòu)上或者句子意思上分析,以免步入命題者設(shè)計的陷阱。此題容易誤選D,以為是考查prevent sb. /sth. from doing 這一固定搭配的。其實,“使環(huán)境更安全”是“他們?yōu)榉阑鹚龅墓ぷ鳌钡哪康?,所以用動詞不定式,選C。
    (十一)查看有無連詞
    11.If an excellent Chinese novel is translated into English, ______means many more people in the world can enjoy it.
    A. as????????????????????? B. which??????????????????? C. what??????????? D. that
    若經(jīng)查實,前后的確是兩個句子,就要看其中一個分句是否已經(jīng)用了連詞。若已經(jīng)用了連詞,一般不選連詞,若沒有用連詞,就一定要選連詞。此題已有連詞If,選D,若沒有If,就選B, which引導一個非限制性定語從句。
    (十二)正確把握語境
    12. I agree with? most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ______.
    A. everything???????????? B. anything??????????????? C. something?????????? D. nothing
    有時孤立地看留空格的那個句子,好象多個答案都可以,但與上下句的意思聯(lián)系起來,就會發(fā)現(xiàn)問題。因此,做題時一定要把握語境。此題答案選A。B答案的意思是I don’t agree with anything 等于I agree with nothing.這就與前一分句的意思發(fā)生矛盾了。
    (十三)識別相似句型
    13. ______is known to everybody, light travels much faster than sound.
    A. It????????? B. As???????? C. That??????? D. What
    14.______is known to everybody that light travels much faster than sound.
    A. It????????? B. As????????? C. That??????????? D. What
    15. _____ is known to everybody is that light travels much faster than sound.
    A. It???????? B. As??????? C. That?????????? D. What
    有的句型十分相似,若不仔細分辨,很容易出錯。13題選B,as引導一個非限定性定語從句,先行詞是后面整個句子。14題選A,it是形式主語, that引導主語從句;15題在that前加個is,則應(yīng)選D, what引導的是主語從句, that引導的是表語從句。
    四、方法歸納
    分析法:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)或語言習慣,使句子“合法”。
    排除法:排除句子中某些附加成分, 使其簡單直接。
    補全法:補全省略部分,連接思維序列中的斷點。
    推斷法:根據(jù)上下文依據(jù),判斷空格所依據(jù)的信息。
    還原法:通過轉(zhuǎn)換句型還原句子本來面目,以便理解句意。
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